Costes Evelyne, Crespel Laurent, Denoyes Béatrice, Morel Philippe, Demene Marie-Noëlle, Lauri Pierre-Eric, Wenden Bénédicte
INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières Team Montpellier, France.
Agrocampus Ouest, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences INRA-Agro Campus Ouest-Université d'Angers Angers, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Dec 2;5:666. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00666. eCollection 2014.
Branching in temperate plants is closely linked to bud fates, either floral or vegetative. Here, we review how the fate of meristematic tissues contained in buds and their position along a shoot imprint specific branching patterns which differ among species. Through examples chosen in closely related species in different genera of the Rosaceae family, a panorama of patterns is apparent. Patterns depend on whether vegetative and floral buds are borne individually or together in mixed buds, develop as the shoot grows or after a rest period, and are located in axillary or terminal positions along the parent shoot. The resulting branching patterns are conserved among varieties in a given species but progressively change with the parent shoot length during plant ontogeny. They can also be modulated by agronomic and environmental conditions. The existence of various organizations in the topology and fate of meristematic tissues and their appendages in closely related species questions the between-species conservation of physiological and molecular mechanisms leading to bud outgrowth vs. quiescence and to floral induction vs. vegetative development.
温带植物的分枝与芽的命运密切相关，芽的命运包括形成花或保持营养生长状态。在这里，我们回顾了芽中分生组织的命运及其在茎上的位置如何决定特定的分枝模式，而这些模式在不同物种间存在差异。通过蔷薇科不同属的近缘物种中的例子，可以明显看出一系列的模式。这些模式取决于营养芽和花芽是单独着生还是共同存在于混合芽中，是随着茎的生长发育还是在一段休眠期后发育，以及它们沿着母茎位于腋生还是顶生位置。由此产生的分枝模式在给定物种的不同变种中是保守的，但在植物个体发育过程中会随着母茎长度的增加而逐渐变化。它们也会受到农艺和环境条件的调节。近缘物种中分生组织及其附属结构在拓扑结构和命运上存在多种组织形式，这对导致芽生长与休眠以及花诱导与营养生长的生理和分子机制在物种间的保守性提出了质疑。
