Gernsbacher Morton Ann, Stevenson Jennifer L, Khandakar Suraiya, Goldsmith H Hill
University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Child Dev Perspect. 2008 Apr;2(1):38-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00039.x.
This essay answers the question of why autistic children are less likely to initiate joint attention (e.g., use their index finger to point to indicate interest in something) and why they are less likely to respond to bids for their joint attention (e.g., turn their heads to look at something to which another person points). It reviews empirical evidence that autistic toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults can attend covertly, even to social stimuli, such as the direction in which another person's eyes are gazing. It also reviews empirical evidence that autistics of various ages understand the intentionality of other persons' actions. The essay suggests that autistics' atypical resistance to distraction, atypical skill at parallel perception, and atypical execution of volitional actions underlie their atypical manifestations of joint attention.
为什么自闭症儿童发起共同注意的可能性较低（例如，用食指指向以表明对某物感兴趣），以及为什么他们对他人发起共同注意的请求做出回应的可能性较低（例如，转头看向他人所指的事物）。文章回顾了实证证据，表明自闭症幼儿、儿童、青少年和成年人能够进行隐蔽注意，甚至能注意到社会刺激，比如他人目光注视的方向。文章还回顾了实证证据，表明不同年龄段的自闭症患者理解他人行为的意图。本文认为，自闭症患者对干扰的非典型抵抗、并行感知的非典型技能以及意志行动的非典型执行是他们共同注意非典型表现的基础。
