Cordero P, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Milagro F I, Campion J, Martinez J A
Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2015 Oct;99(5):834-40. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12283. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation influences offspring development and health. Novel studies have described the effects on next generation obesity-related features depending on maternal macro- and micro-nutrient perinatal feeding. We hypothesized that the maternal obesogenic diet during pregnancy and lactation programs an obese phenotype, while maternal micronutrient supplementation at these stages could partially prevent these features. Thus, the aim was to assess the influence of a perinatal maternal feeding with an obesogenic diet enriched in fat and sucrose and a micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on offspring growth and obese phenotypical features during life course. Female Wistar rats were assigned to four dietary groups during pregnancy and lactation: control, control supplemented with micronutrients (choline, betaine, folic acid and vitamin B12 ), high-fat sucrose (HFS) and HFS supplemented. At weaning, the offspring were transferred to a chow diet, and weight and fat mass were measured at weeks 3, 12 and 20. At birth, both male and female offspring from mothers fed the obesogenic diet showed lower body weight (-5 and -6%, respectively), while only female offspring weight decreased by maternal micronutrient supplementation (-5%). During lactation, maternal HFS diet was associated with increased body weight, while micronutrient supplementation protected against body weight gain. Whole body fat mass content increased at weeks 3, 12 and 20 (from 16 to 65%) due to maternal HFS diet. Maternal micronutrient supplementation decreased offspring fat mass content at week 3 (-8%). Male offspring showed higher adiposity than females at weeks 12 and 20. In conclusion, maternal HFS feeding during pregnancy and lactation was associated with a low offspring weight at birth and obese phenotypical features during adult life in a sex- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, maternal methyl donor supplementation protected against body weight gain in male offspring during lactation and in female offspring also during juvenile period.
孕期和哺乳期的母体营养会影响后代的发育和健康。新的研究已经描述了围产期母体的常量和微量营养素喂养对下一代肥胖相关特征的影响。我们假设孕期和哺乳期母体的致肥胖饮食会导致肥胖表型，而在这些阶段补充母体微量营养素可以部分预防这些特征。因此，本研究的目的是评估围产期母体摄入富含脂肪和蔗糖的致肥胖饮食以及孕期和哺乳期补充微量营养素对后代一生的生长和肥胖表型特征的影响。将雌性Wistar大鼠在孕期和哺乳期分为四个饮食组：对照组、补充微量营养素（胆碱、甜菜碱、叶酸和维生素B12）的对照组、高脂肪蔗糖（HFS）组和补充HFS的组。断奶时，将后代转移至普通饮食，并在第3、12和20周测量体重和脂肪量。出生时，喂食致肥胖饮食的母亲所生的雄性和雌性后代体重均较低（分别降低5%和6%），而只有雌性后代体重因母体补充微量营养素而降低（降低5%）。哺乳期，母体HFS饮食与体重增加有关，而补充微量营养素可防止体重增加。由于母体HFS饮食，全身脂肪量在第3、12和20周增加（从16%增至65%）。母体补充微量营养素使后代在第3周时脂肪量降低（降低8%）。在第12和20周时，雄性后代的肥胖程度高于雌性。总之，孕期和哺乳期母体的HFS喂养与出生时后代体重较低以及成年期的肥胖表型特征呈性别和时间依赖性相关。此外，母体补充甲基供体可防止雄性后代在哺乳期以及雌性后代在幼年期体重增加。
