CNR-INO SENSOR Lab, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy; University of Brescia, Via Valotti 9, 25133, Brescia, Italy.
Small. 2015 Apr 17;11(15):1744-74. doi: 10.1002/smll.201402334. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
This Review provides a brief summary of the most recent research developments in the synthesis and application of nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors for dye sensitized and quantum dot sensitized solar cells. In these devices, the wide bandgap semiconducting oxide acts as the photoanode, which provides the scaffold for light harvesters (either dye molecules or quantum dots) and electron collection. For this reason, proper tailoring of the optical and electronic properties of the photoanode can significantly boost the functionalities of the operating device. Optimization of the functional properties relies with modulation of the shape and structure of the photoanode, as well as on application of different materials (TiO2, ZnO, SnO2) and/or composite systems, which allow fine tuning of electronic band structure. This aspect is critical because it determines exciton and charge dynamics in the photoelectrochemical system and is strictly connected to the photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. The different strategies for increasing light harvesting and charge collection, inhibiting charge losses due to recombination phenomena, are reviewed thoroughly, highlighting the benefits of proper photoanode preparation, and its crucial role in the development of high efficiency dye sensitized and quantum dot sensitized solar cells.
这篇综述简要总结了用于染料敏化和量子点敏化太阳能电池的纳米结构金属氧化物半导体的合成和应用方面的最新研究进展。在这些器件中，宽带隙半导体氧化物作为光阳极，为光收集器（染料分子或量子点）和电子收集提供支架。因此，适当调整光阳极的光学和电子特性可以显著提高工作器件的功能。功能特性的优化依赖于光阳极的形状和结构的调制，以及不同材料（TiO2、ZnO、SnO2）和/或复合系统的应用，这允许对电子能带结构进行微调。这一方面至关重要，因为它决定了光电化学系统中的激子和电荷动力学，并且与太阳能电池的光电转换效率密切相关。本文深入探讨了增加光捕获和电荷收集的不同策略，抑制由于复合现象引起的电荷损失，突出了适当的光阳极制备的好处，以及它在开发高效染料敏化和量子点敏化太阳能电池中的关键作用。
