Pimentel Fernando, Bonilla Patricia, Ravishankar Yashwanth G, Contag Alec, Gopal Nimish, LaCour Sarah, Lee Trenton, Niemz Angelika
Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA.
Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
J Lab Autom. 2015 Oct;20(5):574-88. doi: 10.1177/2211068214561788. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
This report describes technologies to identify and quantify microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential cancer biomarkers, using breast cancer as an example. Most breast cancer patients are not diagnosed until the disease has advanced to later stages, which decreases overall survival rates. Specific miRNAs are up- or downregulated in breast cancer patients at various stages, can be detected in plasma and serum, and have shown promising preliminary clinical sensitivity and specificity for early cancer diagnosis or staging. Nucleic acid testing methods to determine relative concentrations of selected miRNAs include reverse transcription, followed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), microarrays, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Of these methods, NGS is the most powerful approach for miRNA biomarker discovery, whereas RT-qPCR shows the most promise for eventual clinical diagnostic applications.
本报告以乳腺癌为例，介绍了用于识别和定量作为潜在癌症生物标志物的微小RNA（miRNA）的技术。大多数乳腺癌患者直到疾病进展到晚期才被诊断出来，这降低了总体生存率。特定的miRNA在乳腺癌患者的不同阶段会上调或下调，可在血浆和血清中检测到，并且在早期癌症诊断或分期方面已显示出有前景的初步临床敏感性和特异性。用于确定所选miRNA相对浓度的核酸检测方法包括逆转录，随后进行定量PCR（RT-qPCR）、微阵列和下一代测序（NGS）。在这些方法中，NGS是发现miRNA生物标志物最强大的方法，而RT-qPCR在最终临床诊断应用方面最具前景。
