Mokam Didi Gaëlle, Djiéto-Lordon Champlain, Bilong Bilong Charles-Félix
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
J Insect Sci. 2014 Jan 1;14. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu110. Print 2014.
Patterns of species diversity and community structure of insects associated with fruits of domesticated cucurbits were investigated from January 2009 to 2011 in three localities from two agroecological zones in the southern part of Cameroon. Rarefaction curves combined with nonparametric estimators of species richness were used to extrapolate species richness beyond our own data. Sampling efforts of over 92% were reached in each of the three study localities. Data collected revealed a total of 66 insect morphospecies belonging to 37 families and five orders, identified from a set of 57,510 insects. The orders Diptera (especially Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and Hymenoptera (mainly Braconidae and Eulophidae) were the most important, in terms of both abundance and species richness on the one hand, and effects on agronomic performance on the other. Values for both the species diversity (Shannon and Simpson) and the species richness indices (Margalef and Berger-Parker) calculated showed that the insect communities were species-rich but dominated, all to a similar extent, by five main species (including four fruit fly species and one parasitoid). Species abundance distributions in these communities ranged from the Zipf-Mandelbrot to Mandelbrot models. The communities are structured as tritrophic networks, including cucurbit fruits, fruit-feeding species (fruit flies) and carnivorous species (parasitoids). Within the guild of the parasitoids, about 30% of species, despite their low abundance, may potentially be of use in biological control of important pests. Our field data contribute in important ways to basic knowledge of biodiversity patterns in agrosystems and constitute baseline data for the planned implementation of biological control in Integrated Pest Management.
2009年1月至2011年，在喀麦隆南部两个农业生态区的三个地点，对与驯化葫芦科果实相关的昆虫物种多样性模式和群落结构进行了调查。利用稀疏曲线结合物种丰富度的非参数估计器，将物种丰富度外推到我们自己的数据之外。三个研究地点中的每一个都达到了超过92%的采样努力。收集到的数据显示，从一组57510只昆虫中鉴定出总共66种昆虫形态物种，分属于37个科和5个目。双翅目（特别是实蝇科和潜蝇科）和膜翅目（主要是茧蜂科和釉小蜂科）一方面在丰度和物种丰富度方面最为重要，另一方面对农艺性能也有影响。计算得出的物种多样性（香农和辛普森）和物种丰富度指数（马加莱夫和伯杰-帕克）的值表明，昆虫群落物种丰富，但在相似程度上都由五个主要物种（包括四种果蝇和一种寄生蜂）主导。这些群落中的物种丰度分布范围从齐普夫-曼德布罗特模型到曼德布罗特模型。群落构建为三营养网络，包括葫芦科果实、取食果实的物种（果蝇）和食肉物种（寄生蜂）。在寄生蜂类群中，约30%的物种尽管数量较少，但可能在重要害虫的生物防治中具有潜在用途。我们的实地数据在重要方面有助于了解农业生态系统中生物多样性模式的基础知识，并构成了在综合虫害管理中计划实施生物防治的基线数据。
