Gückel C, Benz-Bohm G, Roth B
Radiologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln.
Rofo. 1989 Sep;151(3):301-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1047182.
Ultrasonography is the method of choice for the detection of medullary or cortical nephrocalcinosis in infancy and childhood. Compared with abdominal radiographs and computed tomography even smallest calcifications are detected more accurately. Using furosemide, ACTH, steroids or high doses of vitamin D, early forms of medullary nephrocalcinosis associated with a faint hyperechogenic rim at the margins of the renal pyramids can be diagnosed by ultrasound. Idiopathic hypercalciuria, Bartter's syndrome and renal tubular acidosis cause medullary nephrocalcinosis, whereas cortical nephrocalcinosis is the result of renal vein thrombosis; primary hyperoxaluria is associated with cortico-medullary calcifications. Due to the localisation of the nephrocalcinosis and the age distribution of the diseases, sonography merely enables us to narrow down differential diagnosis.
超声检查是检测婴幼儿和儿童期髓质或皮质肾钙质沉着症的首选方法。与腹部X线片和计算机断层扫描相比，即使是最小的钙化也能被更准确地检测到。使用速尿、促肾上腺皮质激素、类固醇或高剂量维生素D时，超声可诊断出与肾锥体边缘微弱高回声环相关的早期髓质肾钙质沉着症。特发性高钙尿症、巴特综合征和肾小管酸中毒可导致髓质肾钙质沉着症，而皮质肾钙质沉着症是肾静脉血栓形成的结果；原发性高草酸尿症与皮质-髓质钙化有关。由于肾钙质沉着症的定位和疾病的年龄分布，超声检查仅能帮助我们缩小鉴别诊断范围。
