Nikoletopoulou V, Papandreou M-E, Tavernarakis N
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece.
1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece.
Cell Death Differ. 2015 Mar;22(3):398-407. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2014.204. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Neurons are highly specialized postmitotic cells that depend on dynamic cellular processes for their proper function.These include among others, neuronal growth and maturation, axonal migration, synapse formation and elimination, all requiring continuous protein synthesis and degradation. Therefore quality-control processes in neurons are directly linked to their physiology. Autophagy is a tightly regulated cellular degradation pathway by which defective or superfluouscytosolic proteins, organelles and other cellular constituents are sequestered in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Here we present emerging evidence indicating that constitutive autophagic fluxin neurons has essential roles in key neuronal processes under physiological conditions.Moreover, we discuss how perturbations of the autophagic pathway may underlie diverse pathological phenotypes in neurons associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
神经元是高度特化的终末分化细胞，其正常功能依赖于动态的细胞过程。这些过程包括神经元生长和成熟、轴突迁移、突触形成与消除等，所有这些都需要持续的蛋白质合成和降解。因此，神经元中的质量控制过程与其生理学直接相关。自噬是一种受到严格调控的细胞降解途径，通过该途径，有缺陷或多余的胞质蛋白、细胞器和其他细胞成分被隔离在自噬体中，并被输送到溶酶体进行降解。在此，我们展示了新出现的证据，表明在生理条件下，神经元中组成型自噬流在关键神经元过程中具有重要作用。此外，我们还讨论了自噬途径的扰动如何可能成为与神经发育和神经退行性疾病相关的神经元中各种病理表型的基础。
