Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Semin Immunopathol. 2015 Mar;37(2):107-16. doi: 10.1007/s00281-014-0467-z. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
A large variety of fungi are present in the environment, among which a proportion colonizes the human body, usually without causing any harm. However, depending on the host immune status, commensals can become opportunistic pathogens that induce diseases ranging from superficial non-harmful infection to life-threatening systemic disease. The interplay between the host and the fungal commensal flora is being orchestrated by an efficient recognition of the microorganisms, which in turn ensures a proper balance between tolerance of the normal fungal flora and induction of immune defense mechanisms when invasion occurs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a significant role in maintaining this balance due to their capacity to sense fungi and induce host responses such as the induction of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present review, we will discuss the most recent findings regarding the recognition of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus and the different types of immune cells that play a role in antifungal host defense.
环境中存在着大量的真菌，其中一部分定植于人体，通常不会造成任何伤害。然而，根据宿主的免疫状态，共生菌可能会成为机会性病原体，引发从浅表性无害感染到危及生命的全身性疾病等各种疾病。宿主与真菌共生菌群之间的相互作用是通过对微生物的有效识别来协调的，这反过来又确保了在正常真菌菌群的耐受和入侵时诱导免疫防御机制之间的适当平衡。模式识别受体（PRRs）在维持这种平衡方面发挥着重要作用，因为它们能够感知真菌并诱导宿主反应，如诱导参与固有和适应性免疫反应激活的促炎细胞因子。在本综述中，我们将讨论关于识别白念珠菌和烟曲霉以及在抗真菌宿主防御中发挥作用的不同类型免疫细胞的最新发现。
