Golley Rebecca K, McNaughton Sarah A, Hendrie Gilly A
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research (Public Health Concentration), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Food and Nutritional Science, Adelaide, Australia; and.
J Nutr. 2015 Jan;145(1):128-33. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.197970. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Whether dietary indexes are associated with biomarkers of children's dietary intake is unclear.
The study aim was to examine the relations between diet quality and selected plasma biomarkers of dietary intake and serum lipid profile.
The study sample consisted of 130 children aged 4-13 y (mean ± SD: 8.6 ± 2.9 y) derived by using baseline data from an intervention study. The Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA) comprises the following 11 components with age-specific criteria: 5 core food groups, whole-grain bread, reduced-fat dairy foods, discretionary foods (nutrient poor; high in saturated fat, salt, and added sugar), healthy fats/oils, water, and diet variety (possible score of 100). A higher score reflects greater compliance with dietary guidelines. Venous blood was collected for measurements of serum lipids, fatty acid composition, plasma carotenoids, lutein, lycopene, and α-tocopherol. Linear regression was used to examine the relation between DGI-CA score (independent variable) and concentrations of biomarkers by using the log-transformed variable (outcome), controlling for confounders.
DGI-CA score was positively associated (P < 0.05) with plasma concentrations of lutein (standardized β = 0.17), α-carotene (standardized β = 0.28), β-carotene (standardized β = 0.26), and n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (standardized β = 0.51) and inversely associated with plasma concentrations of lycopene (standardized β = -0.23) and stearic acid (18:0) (standardized β = -0.22). No association was observed between diet quality and α-tocopherol, n-6 fatty acids, or serum lipid profile (all P > 0.05).
Diet quality, conceptualized as adherence to national dietary guidelines, is cross-sectionally associated with plasma biomarkers of dietary exposure but not serum lipid profile. This trial was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anztr.org.au) as ACTRN12609000453280.
饮食指数是否与儿童饮食摄入的生物标志物相关尚不清楚。
本研究旨在探讨饮食质量与所选饮食摄入血浆生物标志物及血清脂质谱之间的关系。
研究样本包括130名4至13岁的儿童（平均±标准差：8.6±2.9岁），数据来源于一项干预研究的基线数据。儿童和青少年饮食指南指数（DGI-CA）由以下11个具有年龄特异性标准的成分组成：5个核心食物组、全麦面包、低脂乳制品、自由支配食物（营养较差；饱和脂肪、盐和添加糖含量高）、健康脂肪/油、水和饮食多样性（可能得分100分）。得分越高表明对饮食指南的依从性越高。采集静脉血用于测量血清脂质、脂肪酸组成（成分）、血浆类胡萝卜素、叶黄素、番茄红素和α-生育酚。采用线性回归分析，以对数转换变量（结果）为指标，检验DGI-CA得分（自变量）与生物标志物浓度之间的关系，并对混杂因素进行控制。
DGI-CA得分与血浆叶黄素浓度（标准化β=0.17）、α-胡萝卜素浓度（标准化β=0.28）β-胡萝卜素浓度（标准化β=0.26）和n-3（ω-3）脂肪酸浓度（标准化β=0.51）呈正相关（P<0.05），与血浆番茄红素浓度（标准化β=-0.23）和硬脂酸（18:0）浓度（标准化β=-0.22）呈负相关。未观察到饮食质量与α-生育酚、n-6脂肪酸或血清脂质谱之间存在关联（所有P>0.05）。
以遵守国家饮食指南为概念的饮食质量与饮食暴露的血浆生物标志物存在横断面关联，但与血清脂质谱无关。该试验已在澳大利亚新西兰临床试验注册中心（www.anztr.org.au）注册，注册号为ACTRN12609000453280。
