Emile Mélanie, d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne, Cheval Boris, Amato Massimiliano, Chalabaev Aïna
Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France.
University of Grenoble Alpes, France. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Geneva University, Switzerland.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2015 Nov;70(6):876-85. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu168. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
This study examined whether stereotypes may predict health outcomes independently from their internalization into the self. Specifically, we tested whether endorsement of negative age stereotypes in the physical activity (PA) domain is related to decreased subjective vitality among active older adults, illustrating ego depletion.
This longitudinal study included 192 retired individuals aged 60-92 years who regularly participated in organized PA, and who completed the measures on three occasions (9-month period).
Multilevel growth models tested whether within-person variation in age stereotypes endorsement across waves predicted subjective vitality, after controlling for self-perceptions of aging and relevant covariates. Results showed that (a) within-person increases in endorsement of age stereotypes of self-efficacy (b = 0.17, p < .01) were associated with increases in subjective vitality, (b) between-person mean difference in endorsement of age stereotypes of PA benefits (b = 0.21, p < .05) positively predicted subjective vitality, and (c) subjective vitality mediated the relationship between endorsement of self-efficacy stereotype and self-rated health.
This study confirmed that endorsement of age stereotypes of PA predicted subjective vitality among active older adults. These results suggest that stereotypes may be related to health-related outcomes notably through ego depletion effects.
本研究探讨刻板印象是否能独立于其内化到自我认知中而预测健康结果。具体而言，我们测试了在体育活动（PA）领域对负面年龄刻板印象的认同是否与活跃老年人的主观活力下降有关，这体现了自我损耗。
这项纵向研究纳入了192名年龄在60 - 92岁的退休人员，他们定期参加有组织的体育活动，并在三个时间点（为期9个月）完成各项测量。
多级增长模型在控制了对衰老的自我认知和相关协变量后，测试了不同时间点上年龄刻板印象认同的个体内部差异是否能预测主观活力。结果显示：（a）个体内部对自我效能年龄刻板印象认同的增加（b = 0.17，p <.01）与主观活力的增加相关；（b）个体间对体育活动益处年龄刻板印象认同的平均差异（b = 0.21，p <.05）正向预测主观活力；（c）主观活力介导了自我效能刻板印象认同与自评健康之间的关系。
本研究证实，对体育活动年龄刻板印象的认同可预测活跃老年人的主观活力。这些结果表明，刻板印象可能主要通过自我损耗效应与健康相关结果有关。
