Wurm Susanne, Diehl Manfred, Kornadt Anna E, Westerhof Gerben J, Wahl Hans-Werner
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
Colorado State University, USA.
Dev Rev. 2017 Dec;46:27-43. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.08.002. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Personal views on aging, such as age stereotypes and subjective aging, can affect various health outcomes in later life. For the past 20 years or so, a large body of experimental and longitudinal work has provided ample evidence for this connection. Thus, it seems timely to better understand the pathways of this linkage. The majority of existing studies has either focused on age stereotypes or subjective aging. This theoretical paper provides a systematic comparison of major theoretical approaches that offer explanations through which different views on aging may affect health. After a short review of findings on the short- and long-term effects of different views on aging, we describe theoretical approaches that provide explanations of underlying mechanisms for the effect of both uni- and multidimensional views on aging on health outcomes. We compare the specific characteristics of these approaches, provide a heuristic framework and outline recommendations for future research routes. A better understanding of the impact of different views on aging on health outcomes is not only relevant for basic research in life-span developmental psychology, geropsychology and health psychology, it has also implications for intervention research and public health practices.
对衰老的个人看法，如年龄刻板印象和主观衰老，会影响晚年的各种健康状况。在过去20年左右的时间里，大量的实验和纵向研究工作为这种联系提供了充分的证据。因此，更好地理解这种联系的途径似乎是适时的。现有的大多数研究要么侧重于年龄刻板印象，要么侧重于主观衰老。这篇理论文章对主要理论方法进行了系统比较，这些方法通过不同的衰老观点可能影响健康的方式提供了解释。在简要回顾不同衰老观点的短期和长期影响的研究结果后，我们描述了一些理论方法，这些方法为单维和多维衰老观点对健康结果的影响的潜在机制提供了解释。我们比较了这些方法的具体特征，提供了一个启发式框架，并概述了未来研究路线的建议。更好地理解不同衰老观点对健康结果的影响不仅与寿命发展心理学、老年心理学和健康心理学的基础研究相关，也对干预研究和公共卫生实践有影响。
