Santos Breno Garone, Carey Robert J, Carrera Marinete Pinheiro
Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Laboratory of Morphology and Pathology Animal Health, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-600 RJ, Brazil.
Research and Development (151), VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry SUNY Upstate Medical University, 800 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015 Feb;129:79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.12.003. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
The Pavlovian conditioning of drug effects has frequently been demonstrated using protocols that are variants of Pavlovian delay conditioning. We undertook to determine if drug conditioning could be induced using a Pavlovian trace conditioning procedure. Rats were tested in a novel open-field environment for 5 min and in post-trial phase were injected either with vehicle, 2.0 mg/kg or 0.05 mg/kg apomorphine immediately or after a delay of 15 min. The procedure was repeated three times and subsequently a 30 min non-drug test was given. The vehicle and 15 min post-trial apomorphine groups did not differ and in the 30 min test their locomotion scores were equivalent to another vehicle group tested for the first time. The group that received 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine immediately post-trial had a progressive increase in activity over the three sessions and also initially in the 30 min test. The results for the 0.05 mg/kg immediate post-test group were a mirror image of the 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine group. Post-trial apomorphine treatments can induce potent conditioned effects indicative of the efficacy of trace conditioning of drug effects. These finding suggest that trace conditioning may be an important contributor to the potency of conditioned-drug effects in the development of drug addiction.
药物效应的巴甫洛夫条件反射常通过巴甫洛夫延迟条件反射的变体方案来证明。我们着手确定是否可以使用巴甫洛夫痕迹条件反射程序诱导药物条件反射。大鼠在新颖的旷场环境中测试5分钟，试验后阶段立即或延迟15分钟后注射赋形剂、2.0毫克/千克或0.05毫克/千克阿扑吗啡。该程序重复三次，随后进行30分钟的非药物测试。赋形剂组和试验后15分钟阿扑吗啡组没有差异，在30分钟测试中，它们的运动得分与首次测试的另一个赋形剂组相当。试验后立即接受2.0毫克/千克阿扑吗啡的组在三个试验阶段活动逐渐增加，在30分钟测试开始时也是如此。0.05毫克/千克试验后立即给药组的结果与2.0毫克/千克阿扑吗啡组相反。试验后阿扑吗啡处理可诱导有效的条件反射效应，表明药物效应痕迹条件反射的有效性。这些发现表明，痕迹条件反射可能是药物成瘾发展中条件性药物效应强度的一个重要因素。
