Salmina Alla B, Komleva Yulia K, Lopatina Olga L, Kuvacheva Natalia V, Gorina Yana V, Panina Yulia A, Uspenskaya Yulia A, Petrova Marina M, Demko Irina V, Zamay Anna S, Malinovskaya Natalia A
Rev Neurosci. 2015;26(2):143-59. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0052.
Neuroinflammation is as an important component of pathogenesis in many types of brain pathology. Immune mechanisms regulate neuroplasticity, memory formation, neurogenesis, behavior, brain development, cognitive functions, and brain metabolism. It is generally believed that essential homeostatic functions of astrocytes - astroglia-neuron metabolic coupling, gliovascular control, regulation of proliferation, and migration of cells in the neurogenic niches - are compromised in neuroinflammation resulting in excitotoxicity, neuronal and glial cell death, and alterations of intercellular communication. Viral neuroinfection, release of non-coding RNAs from the cells at the sites of brain injury or degeneration, and application of siRNA or RNA aptamers as therapeutic agents would require dsRNA-sensing pathways in the cells of neuronal and non-neuronal origin. In this review, we analyze the data regarding the role of astrocytes in dsRNA-initiated innate immune response in neuroinflammation and their contribution to progression of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathology.
神经炎症是多种脑部病理发病机制的重要组成部分。免疫机制调节神经可塑性、记忆形成、神经发生、行为、大脑发育、认知功能和大脑代谢。一般认为，星形胶质细胞的基本稳态功能——星形胶质细胞 - 神经元代谢偶联、胶质血管控制、增殖调节以及神经发生微环境中细胞的迁移——在神经炎症中受到损害，导致兴奋性毒性、神经元和胶质细胞死亡以及细胞间通讯改变。病毒神经感染、脑损伤或退变部位细胞中非编码RNA的释放以及将小干扰RNA（siRNA）或RNA适配体用作治疗剂都需要神经元和非神经元来源细胞中的双链RNA感应途径。在本综述中，我们分析了有关星形胶质细胞在神经炎症中双链RNA引发的先天性免疫反应中的作用及其对神经退行性和神经发育性病理进展的贡献的数据。
