Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 10;11:585294. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585294. eCollection 2020.
Ectoenzyme and receptor BST-1/CD157 has been considered as a key molecule involved in the regulation of functional activity of cells in various tissues and organs. It is commonly accepted that CD157 catalyzes NAD+ hydrolysis and acts as a component of integrin adhesion receptor complex. Such properties are important for the regulatory role of CD157 in neuronal and glial cells: in addition to recently discovered role in the regulation of emotions, motor functions, and social behavior, CD157 might serve as an important component of innate immune reactions in the central nervous system. Activation of innate immune system in the brain occurs in response to infectious agents as well as in brain injury and neurodegeneration. As an example, in microglial cells, association of CD157 with CD11b/CD18 complex drives reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation evident in brain ischemia, chronic neurodegeneration, and aging. There are various non-substrate ligands of CD157 belonging to the family of extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, collagen I, finbrinogen, and laminin) whose activity is required for controlling cell adhesion and migration. Therefore, CD157 could control structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier and barriergenesis. On the other hand, contribution of CD157 to the regulation of brain development is rather possible since in the embryonic brain, CD157 expression is very high, whereas in the adult brain, CD157 is expressed on neural stem cells and, presumably, is involved in the neurogenesis. Besides, CD157 could mediate astrocytes' action on neural stem and progenitor cells within neurogenic niches. In this review we will summarize how CD157 may affect brain plasticity acting as a molecule at the crossroad of neurogenesis, cerebral angiogenesis, and immune regulation.
细胞外酶和受体 BST-1/CD157 被认为是调节各种组织和器官细胞功能活性的关键分子。通常认为，CD157 催化 NAD+水解，并作为整合素黏附受体复合物的组成部分。这些特性对于 CD157 在神经元和神经胶质细胞中的调节作用非常重要：除了最近发现的在调节情绪、运动功能和社会行为中的作用外，CD157 可能作为中枢神经系统固有免疫反应的重要组成部分。大脑中固有免疫系统的激活不仅发生在感染因子和脑损伤及神经退行性变时，还发生在固有免疫系统中。例如，在小胶质细胞中，CD157 与 CD11b/CD18 复合物的结合驱动反应性神经胶质增生和神经炎症，这在脑缺血、慢性神经退行性变和衰老中很明显。CD157 有各种属于细胞外基质蛋白（纤连蛋白、胶原 I、纤维蛋白原和层粘连蛋白）家族的非底物配体，其活性对于控制细胞黏附和迁移是必需的。因此，CD157 可以控制血脑屏障的结构和功能完整性以及屏障形成。另一方面，CD157 对大脑发育的调节作用也很可能，因为在胚胎大脑中，CD157 的表达非常高，而在成年大脑中，CD157 则在神经干细胞上表达，并且可能参与神经发生。此外，CD157 可以介导星形胶质细胞在神经发生龛内对神经干细胞和祖细胞的作用。在这篇综述中，我们将总结 CD157 如何作为神经发生、脑血管生成和免疫调节的交汇点上的分子影响大脑可塑性。
