Dziechciaż Małgorzata, Filip Rafał
Non-Public Health Care Institution 'DAR', Jarosław, Poland; Health Care Institute, State School of Higher Vocational and Economic Education, Jarosław, Poland.
Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(4):835-8. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1129943.
The aging of humans is a physiological and dynamic process ongoing with time. In accordance with most gerontologists' assertions it starts in the fourth decade of life and leads to death. The process of human aging is complex and individualized, occurs in the biological, psychological and social sphere. Biological aging is characterized by progressive age-changes in metabolism and physicochemical properties of cells, leading to impaired self-regulation, regeneration, and to structural changes and functional tissues and organs. It is a natural and irreversible process which can run as successful aging, typical or pathological. Biological changes that occur with age in the human body affect mood, attitude to the environment, physical condition and social activity, and designate the place of seniors in the family and society. Psychical ageing refers to human awareness and his adaptability to the ageing process. Among adaptation attitudes we can differentiate: constructive, dependence, hostile towards others and towards self attitudes. With progressed age, difficulties with adjustment to the new situation are increasing, adverse changes in the cognitive and intellectual sphere take place, perception process involutes, perceived sensations and information received is lowered, and thinking processes change. Social ageing is limited to the role of an old person is culturally conditioned and may change as customs change. Social ageing refers to how a human being perceives the ageing process and how society sees it.
人类衰老乃是一个随时间持续进行的生理动态过程。按照大多数老年学家的论断，衰老始于生命的第四个十年并导致死亡。人类衰老过程复杂且具个体差异，发生于生物、心理和社会领域。生物衰老的特征是细胞代谢及物理化学性质随年龄渐进性变化，导致自我调节、再生能力受损，以及组织和器官的结构改变与功能衰退。这是一个自然且不可逆的过程，可表现为成功衰老、典型衰老或病理性衰老。人体随年龄发生的生物变化会影响情绪、对环境的态度、身体状况和社会活动，并决定老年人在家庭和社会中的地位。心理衰老指的是人类对衰老过程的认知及其适应能力。在适应态度方面，我们可区分出：建设性态度、依赖态度、对他人和对自身的敌对态度。随着年龄增长，适应新情况的困难不断增加，认知和智力领域会发生不利变化，感知过程渐趋衰退，所感知的感觉和接收到的信息减少，思维过程也会改变。社会衰老局限于老年人的角色受文化制约，且可能随习俗改变而变化。社会衰老指的是一个人如何看待衰老过程以及社会如何看待这一过程。
