Keller Martin, Lauber Benedikt, Gottschalk Marius, Taube Wolfgang
a Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Science , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland.
J Sports Sci. 2015;33(10):1067-75. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.984241. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
Factors such as an external focus of attention (EF) and augmented feedback (AF) have been shown to improve performance. However, the efficacy of providing AF to enhance motor performance has never been compared with the effects of an EF or an internal focus of attention (IF). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify which of the three conditions (AF, EF or IF) leads to the highest performance in a countermovement jump (CMJ). Nineteen volunteers performed 12 series of 8 maximum CMJs. Changes in jump height between conditions and within the series were analysed. Jump heights differed between conditions (P < 0.001), resulting in best performance with AF (32.04 ± 7.11 cm), followed by EF (31.21 ± 6.67 cm) and IF (30.77 ± 6.87 cm). Significantly different (P < 0.001) within-series effects of higher jump heights at the end of the series in AF (+1.60%) and lower jump heights at the end of the series in EF (-1.79%) and IF (-1.68%) were observed. Muscle activity did not differ between conditions. The differences between conditions and within the series provide evidence that AF leads to higher performance and better progression within one series than EF and IF. Consequently, AF seems to outperform EF and IF when maximising jump height.
诸如外部注意力焦点（EF）和增强反馈（AF）等因素已被证明能提高运动表现。然而，提供增强反馈以提升运动表现的功效从未与外部注意力焦点或内部注意力焦点（IF）的效果进行过比较。因此，本研究的目的是确定在三种条件（增强反馈、外部注意力焦点或内部注意力焦点）中，哪一种能使反向纵跳（CMJ）的表现达到最佳。19名志愿者进行了12组，每组8次最大幅度的反向纵跳。分析了不同条件之间以及每组内跳跃高度的变化。不同条件下的跳跃高度存在差异（P < 0.001），增强反馈条件下表现最佳（32.04 ± 7.11厘米），其次是外部注意力焦点条件（31.21 ± 6.67厘米）和内部注意力焦点条件（30.77 ± 6.87厘米）。在增强反馈条件下，每组结束时跳跃高度显著增加（+1.60%），而在外部注意力焦点条件下（-1.79%）和内部注意力焦点条件下（-1.68%）每组结束时跳跃高度显著降低（P < 0.001）。不同条件下肌肉活动没有差异。不同条件之间以及每组内的差异表明，与外部注意力焦点和内部注意力焦点相比，增强反馈能在一组内带来更高的表现和更好的进步。因此，在最大化跳跃高度方面，增强反馈似乎优于外部注意力焦点和内部注意力焦点。
