Bosco Gerardo, Clamer Martina, Messulam Elisa, Dare Cristina, Yang Zhongjin, Zordan Mauro, Reggiani Carlo, Hu Qinggang, Megighian Aram
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Hyperbaric Center Association Hyperbaric Technicians ATIP, Padua, Italy.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2015 Apr;88(4):222-34. doi: 10.1002/arch.21217. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
Organisms are known to be equipped with an adaptive plasticity as the phenotype of traits in response to the imposed environmental challenges as they grow and develop. In this study, the effects of extreme changes in oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure on physiological phenotypes of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated to explore adaptation mechanisms. The changes in citrate synthase activity (CSA), lifespan, and behavioral function in different atmospheric conditions were evaluated. In the CAS test, hyperoxia significantly increased CSA; both hypoxia and hyperbaric conditions caused a significant decrease in CSA. In the survivorship test, all changed atmospheric conditions caused a significant reduction in lifespan. The lifespan reduced more after hypoxia exposure than after hyperbaria exposure. In behavioral function test, when mechanical agitation was conducted, bang-sensitive flies showed a stereotypical sequence of initial muscle spasm, paralysis, and recovery. The percentage of individuals that displayed paralysis or seizure was measured on the following day and after 2 weeks from each exposure. The majority of flies showed seizure behavior 15 days after exposure, especially after 3 h of exposure. The percentage of individuals that did not undergo paralysis or seizure and was able to move in the vial, was also tested. The number of flies that moved and raised the higher level of the vial decreased after exposure. Animal's speed decreased significantly 15 days after exposure to extreme environmental conditions. In summary, the alteration of oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure may lead to significant changes in mitochondria mass, lifespan, and behavioral function in D. melanogaster.
众所周知，生物体在生长发育过程中会表现出适应性可塑性，即性状的表型会对所面临的环境挑战做出响应。在本研究中，研究了氧气供应和大气压力的极端变化对黑腹果蝇生理表型的影响，以探索其适应机制。评估了不同大气条件下柠檬酸合酶活性（CSA）、寿命和行为功能的变化。在CSA测试中，高氧显著增加了CSA；低氧和高压条件均导致CSA显著降低。在生存测试中，所有改变的大气条件均导致寿命显著缩短。低氧暴露后的寿命缩短幅度大于高压暴露后。在行为功能测试中，当进行机械搅拌时，对敲击敏感的果蝇表现出典型的初始肌肉痉挛、麻痹和恢复序列。在每次暴露后的第二天和2周后，测量表现出麻痹或癫痫发作的个体百分比。大多数果蝇在暴露15天后表现出癫痫发作行为，尤其是在暴露3小时后。还测试了未发生麻痹或癫痫发作且能够在小瓶中移动的个体百分比。暴露后，在小瓶中移动并抬起较高位置的果蝇数量减少。暴露于极端环境条件15天后，动物的速度显著降低。总之，氧气供应和大气压力的改变可能导致黑腹果蝇线粒体质量、寿命和行为功能发生显著变化。
