Sifakis Stavros, Koukou Zeta, Spandidos Demetrios A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Mol Med Rep. 2015 Apr;11(4):2367-72. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3118. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Cell‑free fetal DNA (cff‑DNA) is a novel promising biomarker that has been applied in various aspects of obstetrical research, notably in prenatal diagnosis and complicated pregnancies. It is easily detected by semi‑quantitative PCR for the SRY target gene. It is well recognized that the levels of circulating cff‑DNA play a role in various complications of pregnancy. In this review, we explore the implications of the detection of cff‑DNA in a range of pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm labor, placenta previa and hyperemesis gravidarum. cff‑DNA is released due to apoptotic mechanisms occurring on trophoblastic cells, although recent in vivo studies support the existence of additional mechanisms. The increase in the levels of cff‑DNA can be used to predict pregnancy-related complications and has great value in the field of prenatal diagnosis and in common pregnancy-related complications, as it precedes the clinical symptoms of the disease. Gestational age is a factor that determines the elevation in cff‑DNA levels in response to pathological conditions. In conclusion, the detection of cff‑DNA levels has a number of valuable applications in prenatal screening; however, the detection of cff‑DNA levels has not yet been applied in clinical practice for the diagnosis of pregnancy-related disorders. Thus, studies are focusing on unraveling the etiology of alterations in its levels under pathological conditions during pregnancy, in order to determine the potential predictive and diagnostic applications of this biomarker.
游离胎儿DNA（cff-DNA）是一种新型的有前景的生物标志物，已应用于产科研究的各个方面，尤其是在产前诊断和妊娠并发症方面。通过针对SRY靶基因的半定量PCR可轻松检测到它。众所周知，循环cff-DNA的水平在妊娠的各种并发症中起作用。在本综述中，我们探讨了检测cff-DNA在一系列妊娠相关并发症中的意义，如子痫前期、胎儿生长受限（IUGR）、早产、前置胎盘和妊娠剧吐。cff-DNA是由于滋养层细胞发生凋亡机制而释放的，尽管最近的体内研究支持存在其他机制。cff-DNA水平的升高可用于预测妊娠相关并发症，在产前诊断领域和常见的妊娠相关并发症中具有重要价值，因为它先于疾病的临床症状出现。孕周是决定cff-DNA水平在病理状态下升高的一个因素。总之，检测cff-DNA水平在产前筛查中有许多有价值的应用；然而，检测cff-DNA水平尚未应用于临床实践中诊断妊娠相关疾病。因此，研究集中在揭示孕期病理状态下其水平变化的病因，以确定这种生物标志物的潜在预测和诊断应用。
