Thein-Lemelson Seinenu M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Int J Psychol. 2015 Feb;50(1):37-46. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12119. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Grooming behaviours are thought to be a crucial aspect of parenting and integral to the sociality of non-human mammals, but there have been few empirical studies on how grooming might be relevant to parenting and socialization processes in humans. Study 1 is a quantitative cross-cultural comparison of grooming practices in two cultural settings: an urban centre in Burma (Myanmar) and an urban centre in the United States. The study uses naturalistic video data of 57 families to analyse grooming behaviours directed at children. A broad range of ages was sampled in each culture to examine the developmental trajectory of grooming behaviours. Results indicate that significant cultural differences exist between Burma and the United States, with Burmese children being groomed by their caregivers more often than U.S. children. Results also indicate that cultural differences in grooming practices begin early and remain constant across age. An unexpected finding was that Burmese families were more variable in their behaviour than U.S. families. Study 2 attempts to explain this variability by using ethnography to describe how sociodemographic changes in Burma are leading to changes in parental values and socialization practices in the schools, but how embodied primary care in the homes appear resistant to change.
梳理行为被认为是育儿的一个关键方面，也是非人类哺乳动物社交性不可或缺的一部分，但关于梳理行为如何与人类的育儿和社会化过程相关，实证研究却很少。研究1是对两种文化背景下的梳理行为进行的定量跨文化比较：缅甸（Myanmar）的一个城市中心和美国的一个城市中心。该研究使用了57个家庭的自然主义视频数据来分析针对儿童的梳理行为。在每种文化中都抽取了广泛的年龄样本，以研究梳理行为的发展轨迹。结果表明，缅甸和美国之间存在显著的文化差异，缅甸儿童接受照顾者梳理的频率高于美国儿童。结果还表明，梳理行为的文化差异在早期就已出现，并且在不同年龄段保持不变。一个意外的发现是，缅甸家庭的行为比美国家庭更具多样性。研究2试图通过人种志来解释这种多样性，描述缅甸的社会人口变化如何导致学校中父母价值观和社会化实践的变化，但家庭中的具体初级护理似乎如何抵制变化。
