Buzzelli Michelle M, Morgan Paula, Muschek Alexander G, Macgregor-Skinner Gavin
Student for Master of Professional Studies, Homeland Security, Public Health Preparedness, The Pennsylvania State University, Parkville, Maryland.
Student for Master of Professional Studies, Homeland Security, Public Health Preparedness, The Pennsylvania State University, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
J Emerg Manag. 2014 Nov-Dec;12(6):441-7. doi: 10.5055/jem.2014.0207.
Lack of success in disaster recovery occurs for many reasons, with one predominant catalyst for catastrophic failure being flawed and inefficient communication systems. Increased occurrences of devastating environmental hazards and human-caused disasters will continue to promulgate throughout the United States and around the globe as a result of the continuous intensive urbanization forcing human population into more concentrated and interconnected societies. With the rapid evolutions in technology and the advent of Information and communication technology (ICT) interfaces such as Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Myspace, and Smartphone technology, communication is no longer a unidirectional source of information traveling from the newsroom to the public. In the event of a disaster, time critical information can be exchanged to and from any person or organization simultaneously with the capability to receive feedback. A literature review of current information regarding the use of ICT as information infrastructures in disaster management during human-caused and natural disasters will be conducted. This article asserts that the integrated use of ICTs as multidirectional information sharing tools throughout the disaster cycle will increase a community's resiliency and supplement the capabilities of first responders and emergency management officials by providing real-time updates and information needed to assist and recover from a disaster.
灾难恢复失败有很多原因，灾难性故障的一个主要促成因素是存在缺陷且效率低下的通信系统。由于持续的密集城市化进程迫使人口进入更加集中和相互关联的社会，毁灭性环境危害和人为灾难的发生频率在美国和全球范围内将继续增加。随着技术的快速发展以及诸如脸书、推特、Flickr、聚友网等信息通信技术（ICT）接口和智能手机技术的出现，通信不再是从新闻编辑室单向流向公众的信息源。在灾难发生时，关键信息可以在任何人或组织之间同时交换，并具备接收反馈的能力。本文将对当前有关在人为灾害和自然灾害期间将ICT用作灾难管理信息基础设施的信息进行文献综述。本文认为，在整个灾难周期中将ICT作为多向信息共享工具进行综合使用，将增强社区的复原力，并通过提供实时更新以及协助从灾难中恢复所需的信息，来补充应急人员和应急管理官员的能力。
