Zhang Huiwen, Ma Jianying, Sun Wei, Chen Fahu
Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China ; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:243159. doi: 10.1155/2014/243159. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
To understand the morphological and physiological responses of leaves to changes in altitudinal gradients, we examined ten morphological and physiological characteristics in one-year-old needles of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica at ten points along an altitudinal gradient from 1420 to 2300 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China. Our results indicated that LA, SD, LPC, and LKC increased linearly with increasing elevation, whereas leaf δ13C, LNC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA, and Narea varied nonlinearly with changes in altitude. With elevation below 2100 m, LNC, Narea, and Chla+b increased, while LDMC and LMA decreased with increasing altitude. When altitude was above 2100 m, these properties showed the opposite patterns. Leaf δ13C was positively correlated with Narea and LNC and negatively correlated with SD and LA, suggesting that leaf δ13C was indirectly controlled by physiological and morphological adjustments along altitudinal gradients. Based on the observed maximum values in LNC, Narea, Chla+b, and LA and the minimum values in LMA and LDMC at the elevation of 2100 m, suggesting higher photosynthetic capacity and greater potential for fast growth under superior optimum zone, we concluded that the best growing elevation for P. schrenkiana var. tianschanica in the Tianshan Mountains was approximately 2100 m.
为了解叶片对海拔梯度变化的形态和生理响应，我们在中国西北天山北坡海拔1420至2300米的10个点，对天山云杉变种天山云杉一年生针叶的10个形态和生理特征进行了研究。我们的结果表明，叶面积（LA）、比叶面积（SD）、叶磷含量（LPC）和叶钾含量（LKC）随海拔升高呈线性增加，而叶片δ13C、叶氮含量（LNC）、叶绿素a+b含量（Chla+b）、叶干物质含量（LDMC）、叶质量面积（LMA）和氮面积（Narea）随海拔变化呈非线性变化。在海拔2100米以下，LNC、Narea和Chla+b随海拔升高而增加，而LDMC和LMA随海拔升高而降低。当海拔高于2100米时，这些特性呈现相反的模式。叶片δ13C与Narea和LNC呈正相关，与SD和LA呈负相关，这表明叶片δ13C受海拔梯度上生理和形态调整的间接控制。基于在海拔2100米处观察到的LNC、Narea、Chla+b和LA的最大值以及LMA和LDMC的最小值，表明在优越的最佳区域具有较高的光合能力和更快生长的更大潜力，我们得出结论，天山云杉变种天山云杉在天山的最佳生长海拔约为2100米。
