Wisniewski H M, Wegiel J, Wang K C, Kujawa M, Lach B
Department of Pathological Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Development Disabilities, Staten Island 10314.
Can J Neurol Sci. 1989 Nov;16(4 Suppl):535-42. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100029887.
Three-dimensional reconstruction and ultrastructural studies of classical plaques from the cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease showed that microglial cells of the plaques are the amyloid-forming cells. The amyloid star of the single plaque represents the product of five or six microglial cells covering about 80% of the amyloid star surface. The amyloid fibers appear to be formed within altered cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum. Distended cisterns form channels filled with amyloid fibers. Numerous vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus appear to be attached to or fused with the amyloid-filled channels. Reconstruction of the amyloid star and the microglia cell pole that forms the amyloid star reveals three different zones of distribution of cytoplasmic organelles and amyloid deposits. The peripheral zone comprises channels filled with loosely packed amyloid fibers arranged in a parallel manner. The transient zone consists of a mixture of fusing amyloid channels and products of disintegration of cytoplasmic pockets, dense bodies and fragments of cellular membranes. The core of the amyloid star is composed of condensed, densely packed amyloid fibers that are free of cellular debris. Formation of the three zones supports the idea that the microglia/macrophages are not phagocytes but instead are the cells manufacturing the amyloid fibers.
对阿尔茨海默病患者大脑皮质经典斑块的三维重建及超微结构研究表明，斑块中的小胶质细胞是形成淀粉样蛋白的细胞。单个斑块的淀粉样蛋白星状物是由五六个小胶质细胞产生的产物，覆盖了淀粉样蛋白星状物表面约80%的面积。淀粉样纤维似乎是在内质网的改变的池内形成的。扩张的池形成充满淀粉样纤维的通道。许多源自高尔基体的囊泡似乎附着于或融合到充满淀粉样蛋白的通道上。对淀粉样蛋白星状物以及形成淀粉样蛋白星状物的小胶质细胞极进行重建，揭示了细胞质细胞器和淀粉样蛋白沉积物的三个不同分布区域。外周区域由充满以平行方式排列的松散堆积的淀粉样纤维的通道组成。过渡区域由融合的淀粉样蛋白通道以及细胞质小窝、致密体和细胞膜碎片的解体产物混合而成。淀粉样蛋白星状物的核心由浓缩的、紧密堆积的淀粉样纤维组成，不含细胞碎片。这三个区域的形成支持了这样一种观点，即小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞不是吞噬细胞，而是制造淀粉样纤维的细胞。
