Stafoggia Massimo, Cesaroni Giulia, Galassi Claudia, Badaloni Chiara, Forastiere Francesco
Recenti Prog Med. 2014 Dec;105(12):450-3. doi: 10.1701/1706.18612.
Air pollution has been recently classified among the top ten risk factors for mortality worldwide. The evidence on the long-term effects of air pollutants is mounting, mostly from multi-centre American studies or longitudinal studies conducted in single European cohorts. Recently, the EU-funded project ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) involved more than 30 cohort studies with the aim of producing pooled estimates of the long-term health effects of ambient air pollution at European level. The project developed a standardized and flexible methodology to estimate chronic exposure to several air pollutants, applied such estimates to existing cohorts in Europe, and analyzed the exposure-response relationships with different health endpoints, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory diseases among children, cardio-respiratory diseases among adults, cause-specific mortality and lung cancer incidence. One of the most important results has been the detection of relevant health effects of particulate matter at concentrations below the current air quality limit values in Europe.
空气污染最近已被列为全球十大死亡风险因素之一。关于空气污染物长期影响的证据越来越多，主要来自美国的多中心研究或在欧洲单一队列中进行的纵向研究。最近，由欧盟资助的项目ESCAPE（欧洲空气污染影响队列研究）涉及30多项队列研究，目的是在欧洲层面得出环境空气污染长期健康影响的汇总估计值。该项目开发了一种标准化且灵活的方法来估计对几种空气污染物的长期暴露，将此类估计应用于欧洲现有的队列，并分析了与不同健康终点的暴露-反应关系，包括不良妊娠结局、儿童呼吸系统疾病、成人心肺疾病、特定病因死亡率和肺癌发病率。最重要的结果之一是发现，在欧洲当前空气质量限值以下的颗粒物浓度也会产生相关的健康影响。
