Zhuang Xiaoqiang, Tan Shusheng, Huang Qiangmin
Department of Rehabilitation, Guangxi National Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China.
Department of Sport Medicine and Pain Clinic, Center of Sports Rehabilitation, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China. Email:
Chin Med J (Engl). 2014;127(24):4271-7.
To investigate the current practice of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) including current epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment.
The data analyzed in this review were mainly from relevant articles without restriction on the publication date reported in PubMed, MedSci, Google scholar. The terms "myofasial trigger points" and "myofacial pain syndrome" were used for the literature search.
Original articles with no limitation of research design and critical reviews containing data relevant to myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and MPS were retrieved, reviewed, analyzed and summarized.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is characterized by painful taut band, referred pain, and local response twitch with a prevalence of 85% to 95% of incidence. Several factors link to the etiology of MTrPs, such as the chronic injury and overload of muscles. Other factors, such as certain nutrient and hormone insufficiency, comorbidities, and muscle imbalance may also maintain the MTrP in an active status and induce recurrent pain. The current pathology is that an extra leakage acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction induces persistent contracture knots, relative to some hypotheses of integration, muscle spindle discharges, spinal segment sensitization, ect. MTrPs can be diagnosed and localized based on a few subjective criteria. Several approaches, including both direct and supplementary treatments, can inactivate MTrPs. Direct treatments are categorized into invasive and conservative.
This review provides a clear understanding of MTrP pain and introduces the most useful treatment approaches in China.
探讨肌筋膜疼痛综合征（MPS）的当前诊疗情况，包括当前的流行病学、病理学、诊断和治疗。
本综述分析的数据主要来自PubMed、MedSci、谷歌学术中报道的无出版日期限制的相关文章。使用“肌筋膜触发点”和“肌筋膜疼痛综合征”等术语进行文献检索。
检索、回顾、分析和总结了无研究设计限制的原始文章以及包含与肌筋膜触发点（MTrPs）和MPS相关数据的批判性综述。
肌筋膜疼痛综合征（MPS）的特征为疼痛性紧张带、牵涉痛和局部反应性抽搐，发病率为85%至95%。有几个因素与MTrPs的病因相关，如肌肉的慢性损伤和过载。其他因素，如某些营养素和激素不足、合并症以及肌肉失衡，也可能使MTrP维持在活跃状态并诱发复发性疼痛。当前的病理学认为，相对于一些整合假说、肌梭放电、脊髓节段敏化等，神经肌肉接头处乙酰胆碱的额外泄漏会诱发持续性挛缩结节。MTrPs可根据一些主观标准进行诊断和定位。有几种方法，包括直接治疗和辅助治疗，可使MTrPs失活。直接治疗分为侵入性和保守性治疗。
本综述清晰地阐述了MTrP疼痛，并介绍了中国最有用的治疗方法。
