Enrique Morales-Avila, Mariana Ortiz-Reynoso, Mirshojaei Seyedeh Fatemeh, Ahmadi Amirhossein
Facultad de Química Toluca-México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , Toluca , México .
J Drug Target. 2015 Apr;23(3):191-201. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2014.988216. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
In this review, we emphasize the efforts on the development of radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment, i.e. theranostic tools based on nanotechnology and nuclear medicine. Currently, radionuclide therapy remains to be an important treatment option. The ionizing radiation from radionuclides (not provided by drugs) can kill cells or inhibit the growth in the periphery and the inaccessible center of cancerous lesions. Sites of damage comprise all cellular levels, especially DNA in the nucleus of cells. In addition, recent developments in nanotechnology have made it possible to conjugate NPs to biological moieties for targeted therapy. This enables the more specific radiation dose delivery, preventing damage to healthy tissues. Before the introduction of these NPs-based radionuclide therapies in clinical practice, it is necessary perform investigations to demonstrate dosage-accurate radiation delivery, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and risk/benefit evaluations. Because of these issues, a transition to clinical trials is difficult. The properties of NPs make it possible to build theranostic devices with targeting and regulatory mechanisms offered by biological effectors against cancer.
在本综述中，我们着重介绍了用于癌症治疗的放射性标记纳米颗粒（NPs）的研发成果，即基于纳米技术和核医学的诊疗工具。目前，放射性核素疗法仍是一种重要的治疗选择。放射性核素产生的电离辐射（药物无法提供）可杀死细胞或抑制癌性病变周边及难以触及的中心部位的生长。损伤部位涵盖所有细胞水平，尤其是细胞核中的DNA。此外，纳米技术的最新进展使得将纳米颗粒与生物部分结合以进行靶向治疗成为可能。这能够实现更精准的辐射剂量递送，避免对健康组织造成损害。在将这些基于纳米颗粒的放射性核素疗法引入临床实践之前，有必要进行研究以证明剂量精确的辐射递送、生物相容性、药代动力学/药效学参数以及风险/效益评估。由于这些问题，向临床试验的过渡颇具难度。纳米颗粒的特性使得构建具有生物效应器针对癌症提供的靶向和调节机制的诊疗设备成为可能。
