Culjak Zoran, Miletic Durdica, Kalinski Suncica Delas, Kezic Ana, Zuvela Frane
Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar , Bosnia & Herzegovina.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split , Split, Croatia.
Iran J Pediatr. 2014 Apr;24(2):124-30.
The objectives of this study were: a) to examine the influence of an 18-week basic artistic gymnastics program on fundamental movement skills (FMS) development in seven-year-old children; b) to determine correlations between children's daily activities and successful performance of FMS and basic artistic gymnastics skills.
Seventy five first grade primary school children took part in this study. A physical education teacher specialized in artistic gymnastics conducted a gymnastics program for 18 weeks, three times a week. The level of gymnastics skills and FMS were identified at the beginning and at the end of the program. The level of gymnastics skills was evaluated by performance of eight artistic gymnastics skills, while FMS were evaluated by the use of FMS-polygon. Physical activity and inactivity was evaluated by using a proxy-questionnaire "Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire˝ (NPAQ).
According to the dependent samples t test, significant differences were found in the FMS-polygon and all gymnastics skills before and after the 18-week gymnastics program. Increasing correlations were established over time between gymnastics skills and the FMS-polygon. Unorganized daily activity of children significantly correlated with their mastering of gymnastics skills and FMS. The presented findings confirm: (1) the thesis that basic artistic gymnastics skills and FMS could be developed simultaneously, (2) the theory of positive transfer of similar skills between FMS and artistic gymnastic skills.
Mastering basic artistic gymnastics skills will provoke improvement of FMS and finally become a prerequisite for successful introduction of learning more complex gymnastics skills. The obtained results imply that an increase of children's unorganized daily activities can improve the mastering of basic gymnastics skills and simultaneously the development of FMS.
本研究的目的是：a）研究一项为期18周的基础艺术体操项目对7岁儿童基本运动技能（FMS）发展的影响；b）确定儿童日常活动与FMS及基础艺术体操技能成功表现之间的相关性。
75名小学一年级学生参与了本研究。一名专门从事艺术体操的体育教师开展了为期18周、每周三次的体操项目。在项目开始和结束时确定体操技能和FMS的水平。通过八项艺术体操技能的表现评估体操技能水平，而通过使用FMS多边形评估FMS。通过使用代理问卷“荷兰身体活动问卷”（NPAQ）评估身体活动和不活动情况。
根据配对样本t检验，在为期18周的体操项目前后，FMS多边形和所有体操技能均存在显著差异。随着时间的推移，体操技能与FMS多边形之间的相关性不断增强。儿童无组织的日常活动与其体操技能和FMS的掌握情况显著相关。呈现的结果证实：（1）基础艺术体操技能和FMS可同时发展这一论点，（2）FMS与艺术体操技能之间相似技能正向迁移的理论。
掌握基础艺术体操技能将促使FMS得到改善，并最终成为成功引入学习更复杂体操技能的先决条件。获得的结果表明，增加儿童无组织的日常活动可以提高基础体操技能的掌握程度，同时促进FMS的发展。
