Lambach Rebecca L, Young Jay W, Flanigan David C, Siston Robert A, Chaudhari Ajit M
Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; and the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
J Appl Biomech. 2015 Jun;31(3):142-8. doi: 10.1123/jab.2014-0123. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Linemen are at high risk for knee cartilage injuries and osteoarthritis. High-intensity movements from squatting positions (eg, 3-point stance) may produce high joint loads, increasing the risk for cartilage damage. We hypothesized that knee moments and joint reaction forces during lineman-specific activities would be greater than during walking or jogging. Data were collected using standard motion analysis techniques. Fifteen NCAA linemen (mean ± SD: height = 1.86 ± 0.07 m, mass = 121.45 ± 12.78 kg) walked, jogged, and performed 3 unloaded lineman-specific blocking movements from a 3-point stance. External 3-dimensional knee moments and joint reaction forces were calculated using inverse dynamics equations. MANOVA with subsequent univariate ANOVA and post hoc Tukey comparisons were used to determine differences in peak kinetic variables and the flexion angles at which they occurred. All peak moments and joint reaction forces were significantly higher during jogging than during all blocking drills (all P < .001). Peak moments occurred at average knee flexion angles > 70° during blocking versus < 44° in walking or jogging. The magnitude of moments and joint reaction forces when initiating movement from a 3-point stance do not appear to increase risk for cartilage damage, but the high flexion angles at which they occur may increase risk on the posterior femoral condyles.
前锋球员面临膝关节软骨损伤和骨关节炎的高风险。从蹲姿（如三点站姿）进行的高强度动作可能会产生高关节负荷，增加软骨损伤的风险。我们假设，前锋球员特定活动期间的膝关节力矩和关节反作用力会大于行走或慢跑期间的。使用标准运动分析技术收集数据。15名美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）的前锋球员（平均±标准差：身高 = 1.86 ± 0.07米，体重 = 121.45 ± 12.78千克）进行了行走、慢跑，并从三点站姿进行了3次无负荷的前锋球员特定阻挡动作。使用逆动力学方程计算外部三维膝关节力矩和关节反作用力。采用多变量方差分析（MANOVA），随后进行单变量方差分析和事后Tukey比较，以确定峰值动力学变量及其出现时的屈曲角度的差异。所有峰值力矩和关节反作用力在慢跑期间均显著高于所有阻挡训练期间（所有P < .001）。在阻挡动作期间，峰值力矩出现在平均膝关节屈曲角度> 70°时，而在行走或慢跑时< 44°。从三点站姿开始动作时，力矩和关节反作用力的大小似乎不会增加软骨损伤的风险，但它们出现时的高屈曲角度可能会增加股骨后髁的风险。
