Timm Joerg, Walker Christopher M
Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany,
Med Microbiol Immunol. 2015 Feb;204(1):29-38. doi: 10.1007/s00430-014-0372-z. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Over the past two decades, much has been learned about how human viruses evade T cell immunity to establish persistent infection. The lessons are particularly relevant to two hepatotropic viruses, HBV and HCV, that are very significant global public health problems. Although HCV and HBV are very different, the natural history of persistent infections with these viruses in humans shares some common features including failure of T cell immunity. During recent years, large sequence studies of HCV have characterized intra-host evolution as well as sequence diversity between hosts in great detail. Combined with studies of CD8+ T cell phenotype and function, it is now apparent that the T cell response shapes viral evolution. In turn, HCV sequence diversity influences the quality of the CD8+ T cell response and thus infection outcome. Here, we review published studies of CD8+ T cell selection pressure and mutational escape of the virus. Potential consequences for therapeutic strategies to restore T cell immunity against persistent human viruses, most notably HBV, are discussed.
在过去二十年中，我们对人类病毒如何逃避T细胞免疫以建立持续感染有了很多了解。这些经验教训与两种嗜肝病毒HBV和HCV特别相关，它们是非常重大的全球公共卫生问题。虽然HCV和HBV非常不同，但人类感染这些病毒后的持续感染自然史有一些共同特征，包括T细胞免疫失败。近年来，对HCV的大规模序列研究已经非常详细地描述了宿主内进化以及宿主之间的序列多样性。结合对CD8 + T细胞表型和功能的研究，现在很明显T细胞反应塑造了病毒进化。反过来，HCV序列多样性影响CD8 + T细胞反应的质量，从而影响感染结果。在这里，我们回顾已发表的关于CD8 + T细胞选择压力和病毒突变逃逸的研究。讨论了恢复针对持续性人类病毒（最显著的是HBV）的T细胞免疫的治疗策略的潜在后果。
