Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London London, UK.
Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester Leicester, UK.
Front Psychol. 2014 Dec 9;5:1392. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01392. eCollection 2014.
Magicians use misdirection to prevent you from realizing the methods used to create a magical effect, thereby allowing you to experience an apparently impossible event. Magicians have acquired much knowledge about misdirection, and have suggested several taxonomies of misdirection. These describe many of the fundamental principles in misdirection, focusing on how misdirection is achieved by magicians. In this article we review the strengths and weaknesses of past taxonomies, and argue that a more natural way of making sense of misdirection is to focus on the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms involved. Our psychologically-based taxonomy has three basic categories, corresponding to the types of psychological mechanisms affected: perception, memory, and reasoning. Each of these categories is then divided into subcategories based on the mechanisms that control these effects. This new taxonomy can help organize magicians' knowledge of misdirection in a meaningful way, and facilitate the dialog between magicians and scientists.
魔术师利用误导来防止你意识到创造魔术效果所使用的方法，从而让你体验到一个看似不可能的事件。魔术师已经掌握了很多关于误导的知识，并提出了几种误导的分类法。这些分类法描述了误导中的许多基本原则，重点介绍了魔术师是如何实现误导的。在本文中，我们回顾了过去分类法的优缺点，并认为，理解误导的一种更自然的方式是关注所涉及的感知和认知机制。我们基于心理学的分类法有三个基本类别，对应于受影响的心理机制类型：感知、记忆和推理。然后，根据控制这些效果的机制，将每个类别进一步细分为子类别。这种新的分类法可以帮助以有意义的方式组织魔术师对误导的了解，并促进魔术师和科学家之间的对话。
