Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia.
National Geographic Society , Washington, DC , USA ; Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, University of Hawaii , Honolulu , USA.
PeerJ. 2014 Dec 11;2:e692. doi: 10.7717/peerj.692. eCollection 2014.
The remote Franz Josef Land (FJL) Archipelago is the most northerly land in Eurasia and its fish fauna, particularly in nearshore habitats, has been poorly studied. An interdisciplinary expedition to FJL in summer 2013 used scuba, seines, and plankton nets to comprehensively study the nearshore fish fauna of the archipelago. We present some of the first underwater images for many of these species in their natural habitats. In addition, deep water drop cameras were deployed between 32 and 392 m to document the fish fauna and their associated habitats at deeper depths. Due to its high latitude (79°-82°N), extensive ice cover, and low water temperatures (<0 °C much of the year), the fish diversity at FJL is low compared to other areas of the Barents Sea. Sixteen species of fishes from seven families were documented on the expedition, including two species previously unknown to the region. One Greenland shark, Somniosus microcephalus (Somniosidae), ca. 2 m in length, was recorded by drop camera near Hayes Island at 211 m, and Esipov's pout, Gymnelus esipovi (Zoarcidae), was collected at Wilton Island at 15 m in a kelp forest. Including the tape-body pout, Gymnelus taeniatus, described earlier from the sub-littoral zone of Kuhn Island, 17 fish species are now known from FJL's nearshore waters. Species endemic to the Arctic accounted for 75% of the nearshore species observed, followed by species with wider ranges. A total of 43 species from 15 families are known from FJL with the majority of the records from offshore trawl surveys between 110 and 620 m. Resident species have mainly high Arctic distributions, while transient species visit the archipelago to feed (e.g., Greenland shark), and others are brought by currents as larvae and later migrate to spawn grounds in the south (e.g., Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, Capelin Mallotus villosus, Beaked redfish Sebastes mentella). Another species group includes warmer-water fishes that are rare waifs (e.g., Glacier lanternfish Benthosema glaciale, White barracudina Arctozenus rissoi). The rapid warming of the Arctic will likely result in significant changes to the entire ecosystem and this study therefore serves as an important baseline for the nearshore fish assemblages in this unique and fragile region.
弗朗兹约瑟夫地群岛（FJL）位于欧亚大陆最北端，其近岸鱼类区系，尤其是近岸生境的鱼类区系，研究甚少。2013 年夏季，一支跨学科远征队前往 FJL，使用水肺潜水、围网和浮游生物网全面研究群岛的近岸鱼类区系。我们展示了其中许多物种在其自然栖息地的首批水下图像。此外，在 32 至 392 米之间部署了深水掉落相机，以记录鱼类区系及其在较深深度的相关栖息地。由于其高纬度（79°-82°N）、广泛的冰盖和低温（<0°C 是一年中的大部分时间），与巴伦支海的其他地区相比，FJL 的鱼类多样性较低。在这次考察中记录了来自 7 个科的 16 种鱼类，包括 2 种以前未知的地区物种。一条 2 米长的格陵兰鲨（Somniosus microcephalus）（Somniosidae 科）在海耶斯岛附近的 211 米深处被掉落相机记录到，而在威尔顿岛的海带林中，在 15 米深处采集到了 Esipov 的鳕鱼（Zoarcidae 科）。包括以前从库恩岛近岸区描述的带体鳕鱼（Gymnelus taeniatus）在内，FJL 的近岸水域现在有 17 种鱼类。观察到的近岸物种中有 75%是特有种，其次是分布范围更广的物种。FJL 已知有 43 种鱼类，来自 15 个科，其中大部分记录来自 110 至 620 米的近海拖网调查。居留种主要分布在高北极地区，而洄游种则为觅食而访问群岛（例如格陵兰鲨），其他种则作为幼虫被海流携带并随后迁徙到南部的产卵场（例如大西洋鳕鱼 Gadus morhua、毛鳞鱼 Mallotus villosus、黑红真鲨 Sebastes mentella）。另一个物种群包括稀有的暖水鱼类（例如冰川灯笼鱼 Benthosema glaciale、白鲳鱼 Arctozenus rissoi）。北极的快速变暖很可能导致整个生态系统发生重大变化，因此本研究为这一独特而脆弱地区的近岸鱼类群提供了重要的基线。
