Soliman Ashraf, De Sanctis Vincenzo, Elalaily Rania
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alexandria Children's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatients Clinic, Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;18(Suppl 1):S39-47. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.145073.
Nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting pubertal development. Puberty entails a progressive nonlinear process starting from prepubescent to full sexual maturity through the interaction and cooperation of biological, physical, and psychological changes. Consuming an adequate and balanced healthy diet during all phases of growth (infancy, childhood and puberty) appears necessary both for proper growth and normal pubertal development. Girls begin puberty at an earlier age compared to past decades. Excessive eating of many processed, high-fat foods, may be the cause of this phenomenon. Overweight or obese children are more likely to enter puberty early. Some evidence suggests that obesity can accelerate the onset of puberty in girls and may delay the onset of puberty in boys. Moreover, the progression of puberty is affected by nutrition. On the other hand, puberty triggers a growth spurt, which increases nutritional needs including macro and micronutrients. Increased caloric, protein, iron, calcium, zinc and folate needs have to be provided during this critical period of rapid growth. Severe primary or secondary malnutrition also can delay the onset and progression of puberty. The higher incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia in adolescents imposes a nutritional risk on pubertal development. Moreover, many environmental endocrine disruptors (EDs) have been identified that can significantly impair the normal course of puberty. This mini-review sums up some important findings in this important complex that link nutrition and pubertal development.
营养是影响青春期发育的最重要因素之一。青春期是一个从青春期前开始，通过生物、生理和心理变化的相互作用与协作，逐步走向完全性成熟的非线性过程。在生长的各个阶段（婴儿期、儿童期和青春期）摄入充足且均衡的健康饮食，对于正常生长和青春期发育似乎都是必要的。与过去几十年相比，女孩青春期开始的年龄更早。过多食用许多加工过的高脂肪食物可能是这一现象的原因。超重或肥胖的儿童更有可能过早进入青春期。一些证据表明，肥胖会加速女孩青春期的开始，而可能会延迟男孩青春期的开始。此外，青春期的进程会受到营养的影响。另一方面，青春期会引发生长突增，这会增加包括大量营养素和微量营养素在内的营养需求。在这个快速生长的关键时期，必须提供增加的热量、蛋白质、铁、钙、锌和叶酸需求。严重的原发性或继发性营养不良也会延迟青春期的开始和进程。青少年中神经性厌食症和贪食症的较高发病率给青春期发育带来了营养风险。此外，已经发现许多环境内分泌干扰物（EDs）会显著损害青春期的正常进程。这篇综述总结了在营养与青春期发育这一重要复合体中的一些重要发现。
