Mathelier-Fusade P
Service de Dermatologie et Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris cedex 20, France.
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Nov;141 Suppl 3:S565-9. doi: 10.1016/S0151-9638(14)70159-0.
Urticaria is a common skin disease that may affect 20 % of the general population. Most of the time, urticaria is an acute disorder that rarely can be chronic. The difficulty in urticaria is not the clinical diagnosis because the rash is characteristic, but the underlying causes and treatment that result. Urticaria is a benign disease when chronic and potentially dangerous when acute and associated with allergy. This allergy risk, needs an allergy exploration, based on skin tests and / or specific IgE assays. Because allergy is unusual in chronic urticaria, no allergy tests should be performed. By contrast, these tests must be undertaken in case of acute urticaria with a strong suspicion of IgE-mediated reaction because of the risk of severe anaphylaxis in case of allergenic re-exposure.
荨麻疹是一种常见的皮肤病，可能影响20%的普通人群。大多数情况下，荨麻疹是一种急性疾病，很少会转为慢性。荨麻疹的难点不在于临床诊断，因为皮疹具有特征性，而在于其潜在病因和由此导致的治疗。慢性荨麻疹是一种良性疾病，而急性荨麻疹并伴有过敏时则可能有潜在危险。这种过敏风险需要基于皮肤试验和/或特异性IgE检测进行过敏排查。由于慢性荨麻疹中过敏情况不常见，不应进行过敏检测。相比之下，对于强烈怀疑由IgE介导反应的急性荨麻疹患者，必须进行这些检测，因为再次接触过敏原时存在发生严重过敏反应的风险。
