Rabbit distal colon epithelium: I. Isolation and characterization of basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from surface and crypt cells.

A method has been developed for the simultaneous isolation of basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from surface and crypt cells of rabbit distal colon epithelium by sequential use of differential sedimentation, isopycnic centrifugation and Ficoll 400 barrier centrifugation. The protein yield was high (total 0.81 mg/g mucosa) and surface and crypt cell-derived basolateral membrane fractions have been purified 34- and 9-fold with respect to the homogenate. The pattern of marker enzyme enrichments revealed only minor contamination by subcellular organelles. Latency of ouabain-sensitive (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity prior and after trypsin treatment of membranes indicated a vesicle configuration of sealed right side-out: sealed inside-out: leaky of approximately 2:1:1. The presence of sealed vesicles was also evident from the osmotic sensitivity of the D-[1-14C] mannitol equilibrium space determined with either fraction. Although considerably different in protein profile, surface and crypt basolateral membranes were similar in cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio and membrane fluidity as determined by steady-state fluorescence polarization. Stopped-flow light scattering experiments revealed a rather low water permeability of the membranes with a permeability coefficient of 6 microns/sec at 35 degrees C, which is one order of magnitude lower than reported for small intestinal plasma membranes. Both membrane fractions have been shown to effectively generate outward uphill potassium ion gradients, a process that is energized by ATP and inhibited by the membrane-permeant cardiac-glycoside digitoxin. These characteristics are consistent with the activity of a (Na+,K+) pump operating in inside-out vesicles.