Boevre Marthe De, Graniczkowska Kinga, Saeger Sarah De
Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Brewery Technology, University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Brewery Technology, University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Toxicol Lett. 2015 Feb 17;233(1):24-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.011. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites produced by fungi. They occur in a wide variety of food and feed commodities, and are of major public health concern because they are the most hazardous of all food and feed contaminants in terms of chronic toxicity. In the past decades, it has become clear that in mycotoxin-contaminated commodities, many structurally related compounds generated by plant metabolism, fungi or food processing coexist with their free mycotoxins, defined as modified mycotoxins. These modified xenobiotics might endanger animal and human health as they are possibly hydrolysed into their free toxins in the digestive tract of mammals, and may consequently contribute to an unexpected high toxicity. As modified toxins represent an emerging issue, it is not a surprise that for most toxicological tests data are scarce to non-existent. Therefore, there is a need to elucidate the disposition and kinetics of both free and modified mycotoxins in mammals to correctly interpret occurrence data and biomonitoring results. This review emphasizes the current knowledge on the metabolism of modified mycotoxins using in vitro and in vivo models.
霉菌毒素是由真菌产生的有毒次生代谢产物。它们存在于各种各样的食品和饲料中，由于在慢性毒性方面是所有食品和饲料污染物中最具危害性的，因此受到公众的高度关注。在过去几十年中，已经明确在受霉菌毒素污染的商品中，许多由植物代谢、真菌或食品加工产生的结构相关化合物与其游离霉菌毒素共存，这些游离霉菌毒素被定义为修饰霉菌毒素。这些修饰的外源性物质可能会危及动物和人类健康，因为它们可能在哺乳动物的消化道中水解为游离毒素，从而可能导致意外的高毒性。由于修饰毒素是一个新出现的问题，对于大多数毒理学测试来说，数据稀缺甚至不存在也就不足为奇了。因此，有必要阐明游离和修饰霉菌毒素在哺乳动物体内的处置和动力学，以便正确解释出现的数据和生物监测结果。本综述强调了使用体外和体内模型对修饰霉菌毒素代谢的当前认识。
