Moghaddam Jacquelene F, Campos Michael D, Myo Cynthia, Reid Rory C, Fong Timothy W
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Gambling Studies Program, UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, Suite 38-181, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1759, USA.
J Gambl Stud. 2015 Dec;31(4):1245-55. doi: 10.1007/s10899-014-9518-6.
Problem and pathological gamblers demonstrate high levels of depression, which may be related to coping styles, reactive emotional states, and/or genetics (Potenza et al., Arch Gen Psychiat 62(9):1015-1021, 2005; Getty et al., J Gambl Stud 16(4):377-391, 2000). Although depression impacts treatment outcomes (Morefield et al., Int J Men Healt Addict 12(3):367-379, 2013), research regarding depression among gamblers in residential treatment is particularly limited. This study attempts to address this deficit by examining the course of depressive symptoms among clients at a residential gambling program in the Western United States. Forty-four adults were administered a weekly measure of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) for eight consecutive weeks. Levels of depression were classified into three groups based on standard scoring criteria for the BDI-II: no/minimal, mild/moderate, and severe depression. Results from a mixed-model analysis indicated a main effect for group and time, as well as an interaction between group and time. Examination of the slopes for the rate of change for the three depression groups indicated no change in the non-depressed group and a decrease in depression scores over time for both the mild/moderate and severely depressed groups. The slopes for the two symptomatic depression groups were not significantly different, indicating a similar rate of change. We speculate that reductions in depression symptoms may be related to feelings of self-efficacy, environmental containment/stabilization, and therapeutic effects of treatment. These results help to illuminate the role of significant processes in residential treatment, including initial stabilization, insight, self-efficacy, and termination.
问题赌博者和病态赌博者表现出高度的抑郁情绪，这可能与应对方式、反应性情绪状态和/或基因有关（波滕扎等人，《美国精神病学杂志》62(9):1015 - 1021，2005年；格蒂等人，《赌博研究杂志》16(4):377 - 391，2000年）。尽管抑郁会影响治疗效果（莫尔菲尔德等人，《国际男性健康与成瘾杂志》12(3):367 - 379，2013年），但关于住院治疗的赌博者中抑郁情况的研究特别有限。本研究试图通过考察美国西部一个住院赌博项目中客户的抑郁症状病程来弥补这一不足。44名成年人连续八周每周接受一次抑郁测量（贝克抑郁量表第二版，BDI - II）。根据BDI - II的标准评分标准，抑郁水平分为三组：无/轻微、轻度/中度和重度抑郁。混合模型分析的结果表明组和时间存在主效应，以及组和时间之间存在交互作用。对三个抑郁组变化率斜率的考察表明，非抑郁组没有变化，而轻度/中度和重度抑郁组的抑郁得分随时间下降。两个有症状抑郁组的斜率没有显著差异，表明变化率相似。我们推测抑郁症状的减轻可能与自我效能感、环境控制/稳定以及治疗的治疗效果有关。这些结果有助于阐明住院治疗中重要过程的作用，包括初始稳定、洞察力、自我效能感和结束治疗。
