Munoz J, Wheler J, Kurzrock R
Department of Hematology-Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA.
Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2015 Dec;34(4):547-61. doi: 10.1007/s10555-014-9543-z.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ERs and PRs) are known for their prognostic as well as treatment predictive value in breast cancer. Although these receptors are differentially expressed in some other malignancies, and likely participate in the biology of those cancer types, the relevance to outcome and therapy is not well established. The use of ER as a highly effective therapeutic target in oncology was pioneered in breast cancer, and the lessons learned from its success could potentially benefit patients with several other malignancies in which hormone receptors are highly expressed. Indeed, there are several potent drugs available that target hormone receptors. These agents show incontrovertible evidence of benefit in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It is conceivable that these drugs may have salutary effects in a variety of cancers other than those originating in the breast, based on the overexpression of hormone receptors in some patients, and the preclinical and clinical reports showing responses to these drugs in diverse cancers, albeit in small series or anecdotally. We therefore undertook a literature review in order to summarize the current data regarding the biologic and clinical implications of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in various malignancies and the possibilities for deployment of hormone manipulation beyond breast cancer.
雌激素和孕激素受体（ERs和PRs）因其在乳腺癌中的预后及治疗预测价值而闻名。尽管这些受体在其他一些恶性肿瘤中存在差异表达，并且可能参与这些癌症类型的生物学过程，但其与预后和治疗的相关性尚未完全明确。在肿瘤学中，将ER作为高效治疗靶点的做法最早是在乳腺癌中开创的，从其成功中汲取的经验可能会使其他几种激素受体高表达的恶性肿瘤患者受益。确实，有几种有效的药物可靶向激素受体。这些药物在激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者中显示出无可争议的获益证据。基于一些患者中激素受体的过表达，以及临床前和临床报告显示这些药物在多种癌症（尽管是小样本系列或个案报道）中有效，可想而知这些药物可能对除乳腺癌以外的多种癌症也有有益作用。因此，我们进行了一项文献综述，以总结目前关于雌激素和孕激素受体表达在各种恶性肿瘤中的生物学和临床意义的数据，以及在乳腺癌之外进行激素调控的可能性。
