Frass M, Johnson J C, Atherton G L, Fruhwald F X, Traindl O, Schwaighofer B, Leithner C
Intensive Care Unit, University of Vienna, Austria.
Resuscitation. 1989 Oct;18(1):95-102. doi: 10.1016/0300-9572(89)90116-0.
The esophageal tracheal combitube (ETC) is designed for emergency intubation. The ETC is inserted blindly allowing ventilation after either esophageal or endotracheal placement. A special pharyngeal balloon serves to seal the upper airways. In 10 cardiac arrest patients, emergency intubation with the ETC was performed. Blood gas analyses showed adequate ventilation. Radiography proved correct placement of the proximal and distal balloons in accordance with design theory. Hyperinflation experiments documented expansion of the proximal balloon into the oral cavity rather than towards the epiglottis.
食管气管联合导管（ETC）专为紧急插管设计。ETC 可盲目插入，在食管或气管内放置后均可进行通气。一个特殊的咽部球囊用于封闭上呼吸道。对 10 名心脏骤停患者进行了 ETC 紧急插管。血气分析显示通气充分。放射检查证明近端和远端球囊的放置符合设计理论。过度充气实验记录显示近端球囊向口腔扩张，而非朝向会厌。
