Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 2015 Mar;72(3):164-71. doi: 10.1111/cod.12330. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Healthcare workers are occupationally exposed to various allergens in protective gloves, surface or instrument disinfectants, drugs, and skin care products. An increased prevalence of sensitization to thiurams, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and glyoxal in nurses with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) has been known since the 1990s.
To update the range of occupational allergens in healthcare professionals.
We retrospectively analysed patch test data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2003-2012. Patch test results from 2248 nurses with OCD were compared with those of 2138 nurses without OCD.
Significantly increased sensitization rates were found for thiuram mix (6.7%), potassium dichromate (5.7%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (4.4%), colophonium (3.4%), 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (1.7%), and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (1.7%). Patch testing with products from the patients' workplaces gave additional clues to further allergens, for example tetrazepam.
The known range of contact sensitization in nurses with OCD has been confirmed. Formaldehyde allergy seems to be less important today. Drugs such as tetrazepam are occupational sensitizers in nurses. The increase in chromium sensitization remains unexplained.
医护人员在防护手套、表面或仪器消毒剂、药物和皮肤护理产品中接触到各种过敏原。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，职业性接触性皮炎（OCD）护士对硫代氨基甲酸盐、戊二醛、甲醛和乙二醛的致敏率增加已为人所知。
更新医护人员职业性过敏原的范围。
我们回顾性分析了 2003-2012 年皮肤科信息网络（IVDK）的斑贴试验数据。将 2248 例 OCD 护士的斑贴试验结果与 2138 例无 OCD 护士的斑贴试验结果进行比较。
硫代氨基甲酸盐混合物（6.7%）、重铬酸钾（5.7%）、甲基氯异噻唑啉酮/甲基异噻唑啉酮（4.4%）、松香（3.4%）、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇（1.7%）和锌代二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐（1.7%）的致敏率显著增加。对患者工作场所产品进行斑贴试验提供了进一步过敏原的线索，例如四唑安定。
已证实 OCD 护士已知的接触致敏范围。如今，甲醛过敏似乎不那么重要了。四唑安定等药物是护士的职业性致敏原。铬致敏率的增加仍未得到解释。
