Zhang Yuxin, Zhang Shuang, Ma Keming, Fu Bojie, Anand Madhur
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Global Ecological Change Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 29;9(12):e115038. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115038. eCollection 2014.
The role of forest plantations in biodiversity conservation has gained more attention in recent years. However, most work on evaluating the diversity of forest plantations focuses only on one spatial scale; thus, we examined the effects of sampling scale on diversity in forest plantations. We designed a hierarchical sampling strategy to collect data on woody species diversity in planted pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.), planted larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.), and natural secondary deciduous broadleaf forests in a mountainous region of Beijing, China. Additive diversity partition analysis showed that, compared to natural forests, the planted pine forests had a different woody species diversity partitioning pattern at multi-scales (except the Simpson diversity in the regeneration layer), while the larch plantations did not show multi-scale diversity partitioning patterns that were obviously different from those in the natural secondary broadleaf forest. Compare to the natural secondary broadleaf forests, the effects of planted pine forests on woody species diversity are dependent on the sampling scale and layers selected for analysis. Diversity in the planted larch forest, however, was not significantly different from that in the natural forest for all diversity components at all sampling levels. Our work demonstrated that the species selected for afforestation and the sampling scales selected for data analysis alter the conclusions on the levels of diversity supported by plantations. We suggest that a wide range of scales should be considered in the evaluation of the role of forest plantations on biodiversity conservation.
近年来，人工林在生物多样性保护中的作用受到了更多关注。然而，大多数评估人工林多样性的工作仅关注一个空间尺度；因此，我们研究了采样尺度对人工林多样性的影响。我们设计了一种分层采样策略，以收集中国北京山区人工油松（Pinus tabuliformis Carr.）、人工落叶松（Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.）和天然次生落叶阔叶林的木本植物物种多样性数据。加性多样性划分分析表明，与天然林相比，人工油松林在多尺度上具有不同的木本植物物种多样性划分模式（再生层的辛普森多样性除外），而落叶松人工林未表现出与天然次生阔叶林明显不同的多尺度多样性划分模式。与天然次生阔叶林相比，人工油松林对木本植物物种多样性的影响取决于所选的采样尺度和分析层。然而，在所有采样水平上，落叶松人工林的所有多样性组分与天然林的差异均不显著。我们的研究表明，造林所选物种和数据分析所选采样尺度会改变关于人工林支持的多样性水平的结论。我们建议，在评估人工林在生物多样性保护中的作用时，应考虑广泛的尺度。
