Fuhrimann Samuel, Winkler Mirko S, Schneeberger Pierre H H, Niwagaba Charles B, Buwule Joseph, Babu Mohammed, Medlicott Kate, Utzinger Jürg, Cissé Guéladio
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Geospat Health. 2014 Nov;9(1):251-5. doi: 10.4081/gh.2014.21.
Reuse of wastewater in agriculture is a common feature in the developing world. While this strategy might contribute to the livelihood of farming communities, there are health risks associated with the management and reuse of wastewater and faecal sludge. We visualise here an assessment of health risks along the major wastewater channel in Kampala, Uganda. The visualization brings to bear the context of wastewater reuse activities in the Nakivubo wetlands and emphasises interconnections to disease transmission pathways. The contextual features are complemented with findings from environmental sampling and a cross-sectional epidemiological survey in selected exposure groups. Our documentation can serve as a case study for a step-by-step implementation of risk assessment and management as described in the World Health Organization's 2006 guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, greywater and excreta in light of the forthcoming sanitation safety planning approach.
农业中废水的再利用是发展中世界的一个常见现象。虽然这一策略可能有助于农业社区的生计，但废水和粪便污泥的管理与再利用存在健康风险。我们在此设想对乌干达坎帕拉主要废水渠道沿线的健康风险进行评估。该可视化展示了纳基武博湿地废水再利用活动的背景，并强调了与疾病传播途径的相互联系。环境采样结果以及对选定暴露群体的横断面流行病学调查结果对这些背景特征起到了补充作用。根据即将出台的卫生安全规划方法，我们的记录可作为一个案例研究，用于逐步实施世界卫生组织2006年《废水、中水和粪便安全利用指南》中所述的风险评估和管理。
