Komorowska Agnieszka, Ptaszyński Paweł, Rosiak Marcin, Krzysztof Wranicz Jerzy, Cygankiewicz Iwona
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2014 Nov;37(221):292-6.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting up to 1-1.5% of the population. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, however several studies have shown paradoxically increased incidence of AF in people practicing sport, especially in elite athletes. The results of studies suggest a U-shape relationship between sport and risk of arrhythmia. Minor regular exertion protects from arrhythmia through reduction in AF risk factors, while intense physical activity increases the risk of arrhythmia. The etiopathogenesis of arrhythmia in athletes has not been fully elucidated yet, but it is definitely multifactorial. Arrhythmia's occurrence may be related to adaptative remodeling of a heart, autonomic nervous system alteration as well as may be associated with other factors like inflammation or dyselectrolitaemia. Atrial Fibrillation in athletes should always be considered as an abnormality which requires further investigation as in small percentage of cases arrhythmia may be the first manifestation of a structural heart disease or chanellopathy potentially leading to sudden cardiac death. Taking into account several problems related to pharmacotherapy, AF ablation has become the first line treatment in athletes.
心房颤动（AF）是最常见的心律失常，影响着高达1%-1.5%的人口。规律的体育活动可降低心血管疾病的风险，然而，多项研究却反常地表明，从事体育运动的人群，尤其是精英运动员中，房颤的发病率有所增加。研究结果表明，运动与心律失常风险之间呈U形关系。适度的规律运动通过降低房颤风险因素来预防心律失常，而剧烈的体育活动则会增加心律失常的风险。运动员心律失常的病因尚未完全阐明，但肯定是多因素的。心律失常的发生可能与心脏的适应性重塑、自主神经系统改变有关，也可能与炎症或电解质紊乱等其他因素有关。运动员的心房颤动应始终被视为一种异常情况，需要进一步调查，因为在少数情况下，心律失常可能是结构性心脏病或通道病的首发表现，可能导致心源性猝死。考虑到药物治疗的几个问题，房颤消融已成为运动员的一线治疗方法。
