Korshøj Mette, Lidegaard Mark, Skotte Jørgen H, Krustrup Peter, Krause Niklas, Søgaard Karen, Holtermann Andreas
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015 Mar;41(2):140-52. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3475. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
It is unknown if aerobic exercise overloads or improves the cardiovascular system among workers with high occupational physical activity. This was investigated in a worksite randomized controlled trial (RCT) of aerobic exercise among cleaners.
We randomized 116 cleaners between 18-65 years. The aerobic exercise group (N=57) performed worksite aerobic exercise (30 minutes twice a week) and the reference group (N=59) received lectures. Cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure (BP) and diurnal heart rate (HR) for measuring aerobic workload [% HR reserve (% HRR)] were collected at baseline and after four months. A repeated measure 2×2 multi-adjusted mixed-model design was applied to compare the between-group differences in an intention-to-treat analysis.
Between-group differences (P<0.01) were found: cardiorespiratory fitness 2.2 [standard error (SE) 0.8] ml O 2 × min -1 × kg -1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6-3.8], aerobic workload - 3.5 (SE 1.2) % HRR (95% CI - 5.9- -1.0), resting HR -3.8 (SE 1.2) bpm (95 % CI -6.1- - 1.4), sleeping HR -3.8 (SE 1.1) bpm (95% CI - 5.9- - 1.7), and systolic BP 3.6 (SE 1.3) mmHg (95% CI 1.1-6.0).
Worksite aerobic exercise seems to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, aerobic workload, and resting and sleeping HR, but increase systolic BP among cleaners. Beneficial physiological cardiovascular effects are seen from aerobic exercise, but also a harmful effect is evident. Therefore, recommendations should take into consideration the potential cardiovascular overload from additional aerobic exercise on workers with high levels of occupational physical activity.
对于从事高强度职业体力活动的工人，有氧运动是会使心血管系统负荷过重还是改善心血管系统尚不清楚。本研究在一项针对清洁工的工作场所有氧运动随机对照试验（RCT）中对此进行了调查。
我们将116名年龄在18至65岁之间的清洁工随机分组。有氧运动组（N = 57）进行工作场所有氧运动（每周两次，每次30分钟），参考组（N = 59）接受讲座。在基线和四个月后收集用于测量有氧工作量[心率储备百分比（%HRR）]的心肺适能、血压（BP）和昼夜心率（HR）。采用重复测量2×2多因素调整混合模型设计在意向性分析中比较组间差异。
发现组间存在差异（P<0.01）：心肺适能为2.2[标准误（SE）0.8]ml O₂×min⁻¹×kg⁻¹[95%置信区间（95%CI）0.6 - 3.8]，有氧工作量为 - 3.5（SE 1.2）%HRR（95%CI - 5.9至 - 1.0），静息心率为 - 3.8（SE 1.2）次/分钟（95%CI - 6.1至 - 1.4），睡眠心率为 - 3.8（SE 1.1）次/分钟（95%CI - 5.9至 - 1.7），收缩压为3.6（SE 1.3）mmHg（95%CI 1.1 - 6.0）。
工作场所有氧运动似乎能改善清洁工的心肺适能、有氧工作量以及静息和睡眠心率，但会使收缩压升高。有氧运动对心血管有有益的生理影响，但也有明显的有害影响。因此，建议应考虑到额外的有氧运动可能会给从事高强度职业体力活动的工人带来心血管负荷过重的潜在风险。
