Grimaud Quentin, Malloggi Lucie, Moret Leila, Rowe Frantz, Fleury-Bahi Ghozlane, Tripodi Dominique
Work and Health Innovation Research Laboratory, Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Nantes University Hospital (CHU), Nantes, France.
INSERM UMR1246, Methods in Patients-Centered Outcomes and Health Research, SPHERE, Nantes University, Tours University, Nantes, France.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 17;25(1):1827. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22775-4.
The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are now widely accepted and proven. Promoting PA in the workplace is therefore of major public health interest, but is limited by employees' adherence.
A systematic review was therefore carried out to identify factors for adherence to PA promotion program in the workplace (primary outcome); health outcomes were to be regarded as secondary outcomes. Four databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane CRCTs) and PsycInfo were searched to find all pertinent articles published from 2000 until June 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials were selected.
More than 9000 publications were analyzed and 91 were retrieved. Two main types of study were identified: 46 non-supervised PA programs (NSPAPs) supported by socio-cognitive theories, and 45 supervised (tailored) programs (SPAPs). Concerning the primary outcome, the main factors identified for adherence were the levels of baseline PA, health and motivation of the individual; intervention individualization at the interventional level; and work environment quality at the organizational level. This review highlighted significant health benefits in both types of study, with effect sizes ranging from small to large.
Assessing these factors for adherence emerges as an essential prerequisite before implementing a PA promotion program in the workplace. According to our results, implementing NSPAPs, supported by socio-cognitive theories, is rather complex, and such programs can be difficult to operationalize in their entirety; consequently, coach-supervised PAPs based on RCT programs tend to be more effective.
Our results prove the short and medium-term beneficial effect on health of PAP in the workplace based on rigorous methodology such as RCTs. Management's support through work organization and the follow-up of actions in the long term are an essential factor for adherence to these programs. Finally, we suggest what this literature review contributes for future research or entrepreneurial and/or political projects. In fine, new models of working time will have to be considered.
体育活动（PA）对健康有益，这一点如今已得到广泛认可和证实。因此，在工作场所推广体育活动具有重大的公共卫生意义，但受到员工依从性的限制。
因此进行了一项系统综述，以确定工作场所体育活动促进计划依从性的影响因素（主要结果）；健康结果被视为次要结果。检索了四个数据库，即PubMed、科学网、Cochrane对照试验中央注册库（Cochrane CRCTs）和PsycInfo，以查找2000年至2024年6月发表的所有相关文章。仅选择随机对照试验（RCT）和临床试验。
分析了9000多篇出版物，检索到91篇。确定了两种主要类型的研究：46项由社会认知理论支持的非监督体育活动计划（NSPAP）和45项监督（量身定制）计划（SPAP）。关于主要结果，确定的依从性主要影响因素包括个体的基线体育活动水平、健康状况和动机；干预层面的干预个性化；以及组织层面的工作环境质量。本综述强调了这两种研究类型都具有显著的健康益处，效应大小从小到大都有。
在工作场所实施体育活动促进计划之前，评估这些依从性因素是一个必不可少的先决条件。根据我们的结果，实施由社会认知理论支持的NSPAP相当复杂，而且此类计划可能难以全面实施；因此，基于RCT计划的教练监督的PAP往往更有效。
我们的结果证明，基于随机对照试验等严格方法的工作场所体育活动促进计划对健康具有短期和中期有益影响。管理层通过工作组织提供的支持以及长期的行动跟进是这些计划依从性的一个重要因素。最后，我们提出了这篇文献综述对未来研究或创业和/或政治项目的贡献。总之，必须考虑新的工作时间模式。
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