Jaton K, Schrenzel J, Greub G
Institut de microbiologie, Université de Lausanne et CHUV, Lausanne.
Rev Med Suisse. 2014 Nov 12;10(450):2126-9.
Pneumonia is an importance cause of mortality and morbidity in adults. Two types of pneumonia are defined: community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia with their corresponding etiology such as pneumococci or Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas or enterobacteriaceae, respectively. However, the reality is more complex with aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia in immunocompromised patient, and pneumonia in ventilated patients. Culture in the case of nosocomial pneumonia is especially important to obtain the antibiotic susceptibility of the infectious agent and to adjust therapy. Moreover for immunocompromised patients, the differential diagnosis is much wider looking for viruses, filamentous fungi and Pneumocystis can be very informative, using new molecular assays.
肺炎是成人死亡和发病的一个重要原因。肺炎分为两种类型：社区获得性肺炎和医院获得性肺炎，其相应的病因分别为肺炎球菌或流感嗜血杆菌以及铜绿假单胞菌或肠杆菌科细菌。然而，实际情况更为复杂，还存在吸入性肺炎、免疫功能低下患者的肺炎以及机械通气患者的肺炎。对于医院获得性肺炎，培养对于获取感染病原体的抗生素敏感性和调整治疗尤为重要。此外，对于免疫功能低下的患者，鉴别诊断范围更广，寻找病毒、丝状真菌和肺孢子菌，采用新的分子检测方法可能会提供很多信息。
