Phillips Anna J, Georgiev Boyko B, Waeschenbach Andrea, Mariaux Jean
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2014 Oct;61(5):441-61.
Morphological examination of novel specimens of paruterinid cestodes from passerine birds from Brazil and Chile and of museum specimens from Paraguay revealed two new species: Anonchotaenia prolixa sp. n. from Elaenia albiceps chilensis Hellmayr from Chile, and Anonchotaenia vaslata sp. n. from Tyrannus melancholicus (Vieillot) (type host) and Myiodynastes maculatus (Statius Muller) from Paraguay. The generic diagnosis of Anonchotaenia Conn, 1900 is amended, prompted by the presence of the armed cirrus and the elongated cirrus sac of A. prolixa. Two species were redescribed: Anonchotaenia brasiliensis Fuhrmann, 1908 from Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot) and Thraupis cyanoptera (Vieillot) (new host records) from Brazil, and Thraupis sayaca (Linnaeus) and Volatinia jacarina (Linnaeus) from Paraguay (new host and geographic records); and Anonchotaenia macrocephala Fuhrmann, 1908 from Tachycineta leucorrhoa (Vieillot) (new host record) from Brazil, Tachycineta meyeni (Cabanis) from Chile (new host and geographic record) and Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (Vieillot) from Paraguay (new host and geographic record). Scanning electron microscopy of A. brasiliensis and A. macrocephala revealed less microthrix variation than has been reported for other cyclophyllidean taxa. Sequence data were generated for nuclear ssr- and lsr-DNA and mitochondrial rrnL and cox1 for A. prolixa, A. brasiliensis, and A. macrocephala. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses supported each species as distinct, but revealed cryptic diversity among A. brasiliensis specimens from different host families. New host records of A. brasiliensis and A. macrocephala prompted a formal assessment of host specificity. Anonchotaenia prolixa was found to be oioxenous (HS(S) = 0), A. vaslata and A. macrocephala were found to be metastenoxenous (HS(S) = 3.000 and 3.302, respectively), whereas A. brasiliensis was found to be euryxenous (HS(S) = 5.876). Anonchotaenia brasiliensis has been found parasitising several species of different passerine families that participate in mixed-species foraging flocks in the Atlantic Forest. A diversity of species of other families join these flocks and are among the substantial number of South American passerine species yet to be examined for cestodes.
对来自巴西和智利雀形目鸟类的新的副子宫绦虫标本以及来自巴拉圭的博物馆标本进行形态学检查，发现了两个新物种：来自智利白眉艾氏莺（Elaenia albiceps chilensis Hellmayr）的多节无钩绦虫（Anonchotaenia prolixa sp. n.），以及来自巴拉圭的忧郁王霸鹟（Tyrannus melancholicus (Vieillot)）（模式宿主）和黄斑蝇霸鹟（Myiodynastes maculatus (Statius Muller)）的宽无钩绦虫（Anonchotaenia vaslata sp. n.）。由于多节无钩绦虫存在具武装的阴茎和细长的阴茎囊，对1900年康氏无钩绦虫属（Anonchotaenia Conn）的属诊断进行了修订。重新描述了两个物种：来自巴西的冠红喉雀（Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot)）和蓝翅裸鼻雀（Thraupis cyanoptera (Vieillot)）（新宿主记录）以及来自巴拉圭的萨氏裸鼻雀（Thraupis sayaca (Linnaeus)）和紫辉尾蜂鸟（Volatinia jacarina (Linnaeus)）（新宿主和地理记录）的巴西无钩绦虫（Anonchotaenia brasiliensis Fuhrmann, 1908）；以及来自巴西的白腹紫燕（Tachycineta leucorrhoa (Vieillot)）（新宿主记录）、来自智利的梅氏紫燕（Tachycineta meyeni (Cabanis)）（新宿主和地理记录）和来自巴拉圭的棕颈燕（Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (Vieillot)）（新宿主和地理记录）的巨头无钩绦虫（Anonchotaenia macrocephala Fuhrmann, 1908）。对巴西无钩绦虫和巨头无钩绦虫的扫描电子显微镜检查显示，微毛的变异比其他圆叶目类群报道的要少。为多节无钩绦虫、巴西无钩绦虫和巨头无钩绦虫的核单拷贝和低拷贝DNA以及线粒体rrnL和cox1生成了序列数据。最大似然法和贝叶斯推断分析支持每个物种是不同的，但揭示了来自不同宿主科的巴西无钩绦虫标本之间存在隐秘多样性。巴西无钩绦虫和巨头无钩绦虫的新宿主记录促使对宿主特异性进行正式评估。发现多节无钩绦虫是单宿主性的（HS(S)=0），宽无钩绦虫和巨头无钩绦虫是亚广宿主性的（分别为HS(S)=3.000和3.302），而巴西无钩绦虫是广宿主性的（HS(S)=5.876）。已发现巴西无钩绦虫寄生于大西洋森林中参与混合物种觅食群的几种不同雀形目科的物种。其他科中的多种物种加入这些鸟群，并且它们是大量尚未检查绦虫的南美雀形目物种之一。
