Blümel Martina, Dally Nadine, Jung Christian
Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015 Apr;32:121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.023. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
The change from vegetative to reproductive growth is a key developmental switch in flowering plants. In agriculture, flowering is a prerequisite for crop production whenever seeds or fruits are harvested. An intricate network with various (epi-) genetic regulators responding to environmental and endogenous triggers controls the timely onset of flowering. Changes in the expression of a single flowering time (FTi) regulator can suffice to drastically alter FTi. FTi regulation is of utmost importance for genetic improvement of crops. We summarize recent discoveries on FTi regulators in crop species emphasizing crop-specific genes lacking homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana. We highlight pleiotropic effects on agronomically important characters, impact on adaptation to new geographical/climate conditions and future perspectives for crop improvement.
从营养生长到生殖生长的转变是开花植物发育过程中的一个关键开关。在农业中，无论何时收获种子或果实，开花都是作物生产的前提条件。一个由各种（表观）遗传调控因子组成的复杂网络，对环境和内源触发因素做出反应，控制着开花的适时启动。单个开花时间（FTi）调控因子表达的变化就足以显著改变FTi。FTi调控对于作物的遗传改良至关重要。我们总结了作物物种中FTi调控因子的最新发现，重点关注在拟南芥中缺乏同源物的作物特异性基因。我们强调了其对农艺重要性状的多效性影响、对适应新地理/气候条件的影响以及作物改良的未来前景。
