Ooi Kheng Leong, Loh Suh In, Tan Mei Lan, Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku, Sulaiman Shaida Fariza
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Mar 13;162:55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.030. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
The juice of the entire fresh herb and infusion of dried sample of Murdannia bracteata are consumed to treat liver cancer and diabetes in Malaysia. However, no scientific evidence of these bioactivities has been reported.
To verify the therapeutic potentials of sequential extracts and infusion of this plant by determining its cytotoxicity against human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The cytotoxic activities of the extracts against HepG2 were determined using a methylene blue assay, and an α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was used to assess anti-diabetic activity. The molecular basis of the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of the most active extract was determined using RT-PCR. Chemical profiling of the most active extract was performed using GC-MS and UPLC analyses.
The results obtained from the cytotoxic screening revealed the dose-dependent growth inhibition of the HepG2 cells by only the hexane extract, with an EC50 value of 37.17±1.00 µg/ml. The HepG2 cell death was found to be apoptotic in nature and based on the significant biphasic induction of caspase-3, suggesting that the extract inhibited cell growth through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. The hexane extract also displayed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an EC50 of 117.04±2.34 µg/ml. GC-MS analysis revealed that α-tocopherol was the major volatile compound in the hexane extract, and two phenolics (apigenin and caffeic acid derivatives) were detected using UPLC.
Based on various published reports, it could be suggested that α-tocopherol and apigenin derivatives might be involved in the apoptosis-based cytotoxicity of the active extract of this plant against HepG2 carcinoma cells. The effects of this plant in the treatment of diabetes can be related to the presence of α-glucosidase inhibitors, such as the caffeic acid derivative identified in the active extract.
在马来西亚，人们食用全株新鲜草药的汁液和竹叶吉祥草干燥样品的浸剂来治疗肝癌和糖尿病。然而，尚未有关于这些生物活性的科学证据报道。
通过测定其对人肝癌HepG2细胞的细胞毒性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，来验证该植物连续提取物和浸剂的治疗潜力。采用亚甲基蓝法测定提取物对HepG2的细胞毒性活性，并用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制试验评估抗糖尿病活性。使用RT-PCR确定活性最高的提取物抗肝细胞癌活性的分子基础。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和超高效液相色谱（UPLC）分析对活性最高的提取物进行化学分析。
细胞毒性筛选结果显示，仅正己烷提取物对HepG2细胞有剂量依赖性生长抑制作用，半数有效浓度（EC50）值为37.17±1.00µg/ml。发现HepG2细胞死亡本质上是凋亡性的，且基于半胱天冬酶-3的显著双相诱导，表明该提取物通过半胱天冬酶-3依赖性途径抑制细胞生长。正己烷提取物还表现出α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，EC50为117.04±2.34µg/ml。GC-MS分析表明，α-生育酚是正己烷提取物中的主要挥发性化合物，UPLC检测到两种酚类物质（芹菜素和咖啡酸衍生物）。
根据各种已发表的报告，可以认为α-生育酚和芹菜素衍生物可能参与了该植物活性提取物对HepG2癌细胞基于凋亡的细胞毒性作用。该植物在糖尿病治疗中的作用可能与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的存在有关，如活性提取物中鉴定出的咖啡酸衍生物。
