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STEM 有何特别之处?女性在 STEM 领域和专业职业中的留存率比较。

What's So Special about STEM? A Comparison of Women's Retention in STEM and Professional Occupations.

作者信息

Glass Jennifer L, Sassler Sharon, Levitte Yael, Michelmore Katherine M

机构信息

University of Texas-Austin.

Cornell University.

出版信息

Soc Forces. 2013;92(2):723-756. doi: 10.1093/sf/sot092.

Abstract

We follow female college graduates in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and compare the trajectories of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related occupations to other professional occupations. Results show that women in STEM occupations are significantly more likely to leave their occupational field than professional women, especially early in their career, while few women in either group leave jobs to exit the labor force. Family factors cannot account for the differential loss of STEM workers compared to other professional workers. Few differences in job characteristics emerge either, so these cannot account for the disproportionate loss of STEM workers. What does emerge is that investments and job rewards that generally stimulate field commitment, such as advanced training and high job satisfaction, fail to build commitment among women in STEM.

摘要

我们追踪了1979年全国青年纵向调查中的女性大学毕业生,并比较了从事科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)相关职业的女性与从事其他专业职业的女性的职业轨迹。结果显示,与从事其他专业职业的女性相比,从事STEM职业的女性更有可能离开其职业领域,尤其是在职业生涯早期,而两组中很少有女性因退出劳动力市场而离职。与其他专业工作者相比,家庭因素无法解释STEM工作者的差异流失。工作特征方面也几乎没有差异,因此这些因素无法解释STEM工作者不成比例的流失。出现的情况是,通常会激发职业忠诚度的投资和工作回报,如进阶培训和高工作满意度,未能在从事STEM职业的女性中建立起忠诚度。

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