Valosaari Kata-Riina, Aikio Sami, Kaitala Veijo
Integrative Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland.
Evol Appl. 2008 Nov;1(4):608-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00046.x. Epub 2008 Sep 4.
Escaped transgenic organisms (GMO's) may threaten the populations of their wild relatives if able to hybridize with each other. The introgression of a growth enhancement transgene into a wild Atlantic salmon population may be affected by the transgene's effects not only on fitness parameters, but also on mating behaviour. Large anadromous GMO males are most preferred in mating, but a transgene can also give the large sneakers a reproductive advantage over the smaller wild individuals. With a simulation model, we studied whether the increase in the proportion and mating success of sneakers in transgenic and hybrid genotypes could facilitate the introgression of a transgene into wild population after the release of GMOs. The model combines population dynamics and Mendelian inheritance of a transgenic trait. We found that the introgression of the transgene is strongly affected by the greater mating preference of large GMO males. Furthermore, the difference in reproductive success between the anadromous versus sneaker strategy defines how much GMO's have to be preferred to be able to invade. These results emphasize the importance of detailed knowledge of reproductive systems and the effect of a transgene on the phenotype and behaviour of GMOs when assessing the consequences of their release or escape to the wild.
逃逸的转基因生物（GMO）如果能够相互杂交，可能会威胁到其野生近缘种的种群。生长增强转基因导入野生大西洋鲑鱼种群的基因渗入，可能不仅受到转基因对适合度参数的影响，还受到其对交配行为的影响。大型溯河洄游性转基因雄鱼在交配中最受青睐，但转基因也可能使大型偷腥者比小型野生个体具有繁殖优势。通过一个模拟模型，我们研究了转基因和杂交基因型中偷腥者比例和交配成功率的增加是否会促进转基因在转基因生物释放后渗入野生种群。该模型结合了种群动态和转基因性状的孟德尔遗传。我们发现，转基因的渗入受到大型转基因雄鱼更强交配偏好的强烈影响。此外，溯河洄游策略与偷腥者策略之间繁殖成功率的差异，决定了转基因生物必须受到多大程度的青睐才能入侵。这些结果强调了在评估转基因生物释放或逃逸到野外的后果时，详细了解生殖系统以及转基因对转基因生物表型和行为的影响的重要性。
